emancipation

Question 1

emancipation edict date

Answer 1

1861

Question 2

detalis of emancipation edict

Answer 2

• serfs granted personal freedom within 2 years (marry, land)
• freed peasants granted ownership of their houses and plot of land they worked on
• each serf granted minimum size of allotment but 75% recieve 20% smaller
• serfs had to pay redemption dues
• local mirs made responsible over collecting redemption taxes
  state serfs granted same terms but differenet transition period 5 years + generally larger lands
• houshold serfs recived no lnad just freedom

Question 3

detail about each serf being grnated minimum allotment

Answer 3

But 75% of serfs received allotments 20% smaller than the land they worked before
AND
80% of the size considered necessary to feed a peasant family

Question 4

how did the governemnt compensate landlords/what were redemption dues?

Answer 4

on a very high valuation of the land –>
freed serfs were to repay the state in the shape of ‘redemption dues’ over 49 years at 6% interest

Question 5

what was the local mir made responsible of and what did this thus mean?

Answer 5

collecting and paying the redemption taxes
thus exercised considerable control over each peasant

Question 6

what happened to state serfs due to the edict

Answer 6

transition period was 5 years not 2

Question 7

what happened to houshold serfs due to the edict?

Answer 7

recieved no land just freedom

Question 8

what did Prince Kropotkin say and who was he in response to emancipation?

Answer 8

who he was: serf-owner and anarchist
said peasants met the reforms with ‘enthusiasm’ and celebrated their liberation

Question 9

what did other radicals say in response to serfdom and why?

Answer 9

other radicals hoping for greater change argued that the reforms pleased no-one

Question 10

how did peasants respond to serfdom emancipation why? + Evidence

Answer 10

disatisifed of(what they saw as) shortcomings
evidence: having to pay landlord redemptive taxes
causes : dissatisfaction as they saw the land as theirs by right and saw they did not have to pay for it

Question 11

what did peasant dissatisfaction lead to? + notable example

Answer 11

647 incidents of peasant rioting following the edict
notable example: bezdona where a peasants urging fellow serfs to seize the land for themselves –> arrested and executed himself

Question 12

why were nobility disatisifed with serfdom?

Answer 12

resented their loss of social importance felt betrayed by Alexander that he had not fully consulted them in the process of drawing up his final draft –>
nobility angered by what they saw as a radical document

Question 13

successes of emancipation short list

Answer 13

• in legal terms of rights a success
• favourable comparison to USA abolition by some historians
• on balance even if emancipation in the short term only led to 85% former serfs becoming land owners within 20 years –> serfs never became serfs again

Question 14

failures of emancipation shortlist

Answer 14

• immediate impat lessened by practical problems enacting at a local level
• land settleents were unfavourable to the peasants 1/3 of worst part (least productive land)
• in short term emancipation probably worsened wealth and living standrads for former serfs
• no landlords but still under control of local mir
• emancipation failed to solve industrial backwardness therefore as peasants were not transformed into new class of prosperous consumers

Question 15

what did serfdom repeal demand?

Answer 15

further series of reforms to enable tsarist system of governemnt to operate effectively

Question 16

What do Terry Morris and Derrick Murphy point out?

Answer 16

viewing emancipation as a ‘success’ or a ‘failure’ depends very much on what criteria it is judged against

Question 17

who said this?viewing emancipation as a ‘success’ or a ‘failure’ depends very much on what criteria it is judged against

Answer 17

Terry Morris and Derrick Murphy