Emergency

Question 1

Causes of pinpoint pupils

Answer 1

Narcotic/organophosphate poisoning

Metabolic conditions

Question 2

Causes of small but reactive pupils

Answer 2

Metabolic disorder

Medullary lesion

Question 3

Cause of fixed mid-size pupils

Answer 3

Midbrain lesion

Question 4

Causes of fixed, dilated pupils

Answer 4

Hypothermia
Hypoxia
During a seizure or afterwards
Anticholinergics
Late sign in barbiturate ingestion

Question 5

Causes of only one pupil being dilated

Answer 5

Epilepsy
3rd cranial nerve palsy
Tentorial herniation
Intracranial disorder

Question 6

Features of salicylate poisoning

Answer 6

Vomiting
Hyperthermia
Tinnitus
Abnormal breathing
Slurred speech
Hyperactivity
Vertigo
Hallucinations
Hypoglycaemia
Platelet dysfunction
Renal failure

Question 7

Blood gas abnormality in salicylate poisoning

Answer 7

Respiratory alkalosis initially; then metabolic acidosis with increased anion gap