what is the James-Lange theory?
stimulus, bodily arousal, emotion. “we feel afraid because we tremble”
what is the Cannon-Bard theory?
stimulus, simultaneous arousal and emotion. emotions and bodily responses occur at the same time
what is the Schachter-Singer thoery?
stimulus, arousal and cognitive label, emotion. emotions is physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation
what are the similarities between the three major classic theories of emotion?
they all link emotion and physiology
what are the differences between the three major classic theories of emotion?
the order and role of cognition vary
what is the high road?
cognition precedes emotion. thalamus, cortex, amygdala. involves conscious thought before emotion
what is the low road?
emotion without cognition. thalamus, amygdala directly. allows fast and automatic emotional responses
what are the differences between Schachter-Singer, Lazarus, and Zajonc theories of emotion?
Schachter-Singer proposes emotion as arousal and cognitive label, Lazarus proposes emotions arise from cognitive appraisal even if unconscious, Zajonc proposes some emotions occur without conscious thought
what is the role of the sympathetic nervous system?
activates, fight or flight
what is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system?
calms, rest and digest
how is the amygdala involved in emotion?
central to fear, anger, and threat detection. links emotions to memory and quick reactions
how is the right prefrontal lobe involved in emotion?
linked with positive emotions
how is the left prefrontal lobe involved in emotion?
linked with negative emotions
what facial expressions are universal?
happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, disgust
what is universality in regards to universal facial expressions?
these expressions are biologically innate, not learned
what is a genuine (Duchenne) smile?
involves eye muscles and mouth muscles
what is a fake (social) smile?
involves only mouth muscles
what distinguishes a genuine smile from a fake smile?
the eyes are the giveaway, real smiles engage them automatically
