Endocrine: 15.2: Hyperthyroidism

Question 1

In hyperthyroidism, what does increased synthesis of Na+/K+/ATPase cause?

Answer 1

increased basal metabolic rate

Question 2

This is when GAGs accumulate on the tibia (due to autoantibody to TSH receptor –> overstimulate fibroblasts –> secrete excess GAGs).

Answer 2

pretibial myxedema

Question 3

What is a toxic goiter?

Answer 3

enlarged thyroid gland that becomes independent of TSH (toxic goiter)

Question 4

What is Propylthiouracil (PTU)? What is it used to treat?

Answer 4

• inhibits peroxidase-mediated oxidation, organification, and coupling, and peripheral T4 –> T3 conversion
• tx for hyperthyroidism and thyroid storm

Question 5

Why does hyperthyroidism cause hyperglycemia?

Answer 5

thyroid hormone causes gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis

Question 6

This drug inhibits peroxidase-mediated oxidation, organification, and coupling, and peripheral T4 –> T3 conversion.

Answer 6

Propylthiouracil (PTU)

Question 7

What is the tx for Graves disease?

Answer 7

• beta-blockers
• thioamide

Question 8

What is the tx for thyroid storm?

Answer 8

• Propylthiouracil (PTU)
• beta-blockers
• steroids

Question 9

How does hyperthyroidism cause sympathetic nervous system activity?

Answer 9

increased expression of beta-1 adrenergic receptors

Question 10

Dx?

• “dough-like” consistency over the anterior tibia

Answer 10

pretibial myxedema

Question 11

Dx?

• scalloping of the colloid

Answer 11

Graves disease

Question 12

This drug is a thyroid peroxidase inhibitor used as a tx for hyperthyroidism/graves.

Answer 12

thioamide

Question 13

Why does hyperthyroidism cause hypocholesterolemia?

Answer 13

thyroid hormone causes increased LDL receptors in the liver

Question 14

What is pretibial myxedema? How does this occur?

Answer 14

when GAGs accumulate on the tibia due to autoantibody to TSH receptor –> overstimulate fibroblasts –> secrete excess GAGs

Question 15

How does hyperthyroidism cause increased basal metabolic rate?

Answer 15

increased synthesis of Na+/K+/ATPase

Question 16

What is Graves diseased caused by?

Answer 16

an IgG autoantibody that stimulates the TSH receptor

Question 17

In hyperthyroidism, what does increased expression of beta-1 adrenergic receptors cause?

Answer 17

increased sympathetic nervous system activity

Question 18

What is thioamide? What is it used to treat?

Answer 18

• thyroid peroxidase inhibitor
• tx for hyperthyroidism/graves

Question 19

What aa is the precursor for thyroid hormone?

Answer 19

tyrosine