1
Q
Primary hormone regulating water balance
A
Arginine vasopressin (ADH)
2
Q
Site of ADH production
A
Hypothalamic supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei
3
Q
Central diabetes insipidus mechanism
A
Deficient ADH production or release
4
Q
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus mechanism
A
Renal resistance to ADH
5
Q
Key diagnostic test for DI
A
Modified water deprivation test, serum osmolity
6
Q
Treatment for central DI
A
Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP)
7
Q
Urine osmolality in untreated DI
A
<300 mOsm/kg (hyposthenuric)
8
Q
Primary hormone excess in acromegaly
A
Growth hormone
9
Q
Common cause of feline acromegaly
A
Functional pituitary adenoma
10
Q
Key diagnostic hormone for acromegaly
A
IGF-1
11
Q
Clinical sign linked to GH excess
A
Insulin resistance
12
Q
Definitive treatment option for acromegaly
A
Hypophysectomy or radiation therapy
13
Q
Most common cause of canine hypothyroidism
A
Lymphocytic thyroiditis
14
Q
Primary screening test for hypothyroidism
A
Total T4
15
Q
Confirmatory test for hypothyroidism for dogs
A
Free T4 by equilibrium dialysis
16
Q
Gold standard treatment for hypothyroidism
A
Levothyroxine
17
Q
Classic lab abnormality of hypothyroidism
A
Hypercholesterolemia
18
Q
Primary hormone elevated of hyperthyroidism
A
Thyroxine (T4)
19
Q
Most common cause of hyperthyroidism
A
Adenomatous hyperplasia
20
Q
Definitive treatment for hyperthyroidism
A
Radioiodine therapy (I-131)
21
Q
Initial diagnostic test for hyperthyroidism
A
Serum total T4
22
Q
Common complication of hyperthyroid treatment
A
Unmasking of chronic kidney disease
23
Q
Most canine thyroid tumors type
A
Non-functional carcinomas
24
Q
Primary diagnostic imaging for canine thyroid tumors
A
Cervical ultrasound and CT
25
Treatment options for canine thyroid tumors
Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy
26
Prognostic factor for canine thyroid tumors
Tumor mobility and size
27
Most common DM type in dogs
Insulin-dependent (Type 1-like)
28
Primary treatment for DM
Insulin therapy
29
Key monitoring tool for DM
Blood glucose curve, fructosamine
30
Common complication of canine DM
Cataracts
31
Diagnostic criteria for canine DM
Persistent hyperglycemia + glucosuria
32
Defining triad of DKA
Hyperglycemia, ketonemia, metabolic acidosis
33
Primary treatment priority for DKA
IV fluids
34
Electrolyte of greatest concern for DKA
Potassium
35
Insulin used for DKA
Regular insulin
36
Primary hormone excess in insulinomia
Insulin
37
Classic diagnostic triad of insulinoma
Whipple's triad
38
Initial treatment of hypoglycemia
IV dextrose
39
Definitive treatment for insulinomia
Surgical excision
40
Most common cause of HAC
Pituitary-dependent HAC
41
Screening test for HAC
Low-dose dexamethasone suppression test
42
Medical treatment for HAC
Trilostane
43
Key lab abnormality for HAC
Elevated ALP, Thrombocythemia
44
Classic electrolyte abnormality for addisions
Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia
45
Gold standard diagnostic test for addisions
ACTH stimulation test
46
Emergency treatment for addisions
IV fluids + glucocorticoids
47
Chronic management for addisions
DOCP or fludrocortisone
48
Hormones secreted from pheochromocytoma
Catecholamines
49
Common clinical feature of pheochromocytoma
Episodic hypertension
50
Preferred imaging for pheochromocytoma
Abdominal ultrasound or CT
51
Definitive treatment for pheochromocytoma
Surgical adrenalectomy
52
Physiologic glucocorticoid
Cortisol
53
Major adverse effect for glucocorticoid
Iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism
54
Tapering importance of glucocorticoid
Prevent adrenal suppression
55
Primary hormone involved in hyperparathyroidism
Parathyroid hormone
56
Diagnostic hallmark for hyperparathyroidism
Inappropriately normal or elevated PTH
57
Definitive treatment for hyperparathyroidism
Parathyroidectomy
58
Primary deficiency of hypocalcemia
Parathyroid hormone
59
Common clinical sign of hypocalcemia
Tetany or seizures
60
Emergency treatment of hypocalcemia
IV calcium gluconate
61
Chronic management of hypocalcemia
Oral calcium + calcitriol
62
Primary hormone regulating water balance
Arginine vasopressin (ADH)
63
Site of ADH synthesis
Supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus
64
Site of ADH release
Posterior pituitary
65
ADH renal receptor
V2 receptor
66
Second messenger for ADH action
cAMP
67
Water channel inserted by ADH
Aquaporin-2
68
Primary defect in central DI
Decreased ADH production or release
69
Primary defect in nephrogenic DI
Renal resistance to ADH
70
Most common cause of acquired NDI
Metabolic or renal disease
71
Urine osmolality in untreated DI
<300 mOsm/kg
72
Normal max urine osmolality dog/cat
>2300 mOsm/kg
73
Screening test for PU/PD
Urinalysis and serum chemistry
74
Gold standard diagnostic test for DI
Modified water deprivation test or serum osmolality
75
Major risk of water deprivation test
Hypernatremia
76
Drug of choice for central DI
Desmopressin acetate
77
Desmopressin receptor selectivity
V2 selective
78
Cause of psychogenic polydipsia
Behavioral water intake
79
Urine SG in psychogenic polydipsia
Very low (<1.005)
80
Effect of glucocorticoids on ADH
Inhibit ADH release and action
81
Electrolyte that interferes with ADH
Hypercalcemia
82
Primary thirst stimulus
Increased plasma osmolality
83
ADH half-life
~15 minutes
84
Primary action of ADH
Increase water reabsorption
85
Site of ADH renal action
Collecting duct
86
Effect of chronic PU on medulla
Medullary solute washout
87
Primary hormone regulating water balance
Arginine vasopressin (ADH)
88
Site of ADH synthesis
Supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus
89
Site of ADH release
Posterior pituitary
90
ADH renal receptor
V2 receptor
91
Second messenger for ADH action
cAMP
92
Water channel inserted by ADH
Aquaporin-2
93
Primary defect in central DI
Decreased ADH production or release
94
Primary defect in nephrogenic DI
Renal resistance to ADH
95
Most common cause of acquired NDI
Metabolic or renal disease
96
Urine osmolality in untreated DI
<300 mOsm/kg
97
Normal max urine osmolality dog/cat
>2300 mOsm/kg
98
Screening test for PU/PD
Urinalysis and serum chemistry
99
Gold standard diagnostic test for DI
Modified water deprivation test
100
Major risk of water deprivation test
Hypernatremia
101
Drug of choice for central DI
Desmopressin acetate
102
Desmopressin receptor selectivity
V2 selective
103
Cause of psychogenic polydipsia
Behavioral water intake
104
Urine SG in psychogenic polydipsia
Very low (<1.005)
105
Effect of glucocorticoids on ADH
Inhibit ADH release and action
106
Electrolyte that interferes with ADH
Hypercalcemia
107
Primary thirst stimulus
Increased plasma osmolality
108
ADH half-life
~15 minutes
109
Primary action of ADH
Increase water reabsorption
110
Site of ADH renal action
Collecting duct
111
Effect of chronic PU on medulla
Medullary solute washout
112
Most common cause canine hypothyroidism
Lymphocytic thyroiditis
113
Second most common cause
Idiopathic thyroid atrophy
114
Primary hormone deficient
Thyroxine (T4)
115
Screening test of choice
Total T4
116
Confirmatory test
Free T4 by equilibrium dialysis
117
Gold standard treatment
Levothyroxine
118
Expected response to therapy
Improved attitude within 2 weeks
119
Classic dermatologic sign
Bilateral truncal alopecia
120
Metabolic effect of hypothyroidism
Decreased metabolism
121
Classic lab abnormality
Hypercholesterolemia
122
CBC abnormality
Mild nonregenerative anemia
123
Effect on neuromuscular system
Peripheral neuropathy
124
Breed predisposition
Large and giant breeds
125
Effect on fertility
Infertility
126
TSH level in primary hypothyroidism
Elevated
127
Drug that lowers T4
Glucocorticoids
128
Euthyroid sick syndrome feature
Low T4 without clinical hypothyroidism
129
Time to recheck T4 after therapy
4–6 weeks
130
Goal post-pill T4
Upper half of reference range
131
Primary diagnostic error
Overdiagnosis
132
Effect on heart rate
Bradycardia
133
Effect on weight
Weight gain without polyphagia
134
Lipid abnormality risk
Atherosclerosis
135
Form of levothyroxine
Synthetic T4
136
Treatment duration
Lifelong
137
Most common cause canine hypothyroidism
Lymphocytic thyroiditis
138
Second most common cause
Idiopathic thyroid atrophy
139
Primary hormone deficient
Thyroxine (T4)
140
Screening test of choice
Total T4
141
Confirmatory test
Free T4 by equilibrium dialysis
142
Gold standard treatment
Levothyroxine
143
Expected response to therapy
Improved attitude within 2 weeks
144
Classic dermatologic sign
Bilateral truncal alopecia
145
Metabolic effect of hypothyroidism
Decreased metabolism
146
Classic lab abnormality
Hypercholesterolemia
147
CBC abnormality
Mild nonregenerative anemia
148
Effect on neuromuscular system
Peripheral neuropathy
149
Breed predisposition
Large and giant breeds
150
Effect on fertility
Infertility
151
TSH level in primary hypothyroidism
Elevated
152
Drug that lowers T4
Glucocorticoids
153
Euthyroid sick syndrome feature
Low T4 without clinical hypothyroidism
154
Time to recheck T4 after therapy
4–6 weeks
155
Goal post-pill T4
Upper half of reference range
156
Primary diagnostic error
Overdiagnosis
157
Effect on heart rate
Bradycardia
158
Effect on weight
Weight gain without polyphagia
159
Lipid abnormality risk
Atherosclerosis
160
Form of levothyroxine
Synthetic T4
161
Treatment duration for hypothyroidism
Lifelong
VTS SAIM
flashcards
Decks in class (21)
# Cards
-
Endocrine161
-
Respiratory5
-
Behavior0
-
Ophthalmology0
-
Nutrition258
-
Cardiology210
-
Hematology285
-
Nephrology7
-
Infectious diseases0
-
Neurology28
-
Oncology0
-
Theriogenology0
-
Toxicology0
-
Pharmacology261
-
Hepatology5
-
Musculosketal0
-
Laboratory2
-
Ettingers Textbook of IM0
-
Small Animal Internal Medicine for Technicians and Nurses240
-
chat GPT VTS-IM exam deck108
-
anesthesia190
