Endocrine System

Question 1

What are some characteristics of endocrine gland?

What is an example of an endocrine gland?

Answer 1

1. secretes hormones
2. there is no duct
3. Hormones released directly into bloodstream

Example: Thyroid gland

Question 2

What are some characteristics of the exocrine gland?

What is an example of the exocrine gland?

Answer 2

1. Secretion collected in duct (tubes)
2. Secrete chemicals (sweat, oil, etx)
3. Secretions released out of the body

Example: Secretion of mucus

Question 3

How do hormones recognize their target cells?

Answer 3

By recognizing their target cells via the protein receptor by their matching parts

Question 4

Describe the physiological differences anterior and posterior pituitary gland

Answer 4

• Posterior pituitary gland stores and releases hormones but does not create them
• Anterior pituitary gland secretes and produce their hormones

Question 5

What is the “master gland”? Is the term “master gland” accurate? Explain.

Answer 5

• There isn’t a master gland.

Question 6

What is hypothyroidism? What are the symptoms in adult and in a newborn?

Answer 6

Hypothyroidism: Iodine intake is low, so anterior pituitary gland and hypothalamus over increase hormones to stimulate thyroid production.

Symptoms in adults is weight gain and thyroid gland swells. In children, they develop cretinism

Question 7

What are the most common causes of hypothyroidism?

Answer 7

Iodine deficiency (low iodine)

Question 8

What is hyperthyroidism? What are the symptoms?

Answer 8

Extreme levels of T3 and T4

Symptoms: Wight loss and sunken eyes

Question 9

Difference b/w type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Answer 9

Type 1: Decrease of beta cells; thought to be autoimmune and has no insulin production

Type 2: Cell doesn’t respond back to insulin, so it is insulin receptor resistance. Has weight gain and increased calories

Question 10

What are the 10 glands in the body?

Answer 10

1. hypothalamus
2. anterior pituitary
3. pineal
4. thyroid
5. parathyroid
6. thymus
7. pancreas
8. adrenal
9. testes
10. ovaries

Question 11

What are the 2 hormones in the hypothalamus gland?

Answer 11

• oxytocin (facilitates child birth; makes breast mild)
• anti diuretic hormone/ADH (influences water retention by kidneys)

Question 12

What is the hormone found in the anterior pituitary gland?

Answer 12

• Growth hormone/GH (Makes and secretes growth hormone)

Question 13

What is the hormone found in the pineal gland?

Answer 13

Melatonin (secretes melatonin/stimulates melatonin production when dark)

Question 14

What are the 2 hormones found in the thyroid gland?1

Answer 14

1. Thyroxin/ T3 and T4 (increase metabolism for energy production/stimulates nervous system maturation)
2. Calcitonin (Stimulates excretion of calcium in kidneys to lower blood calcium levels)

Question 15

What is the hormone found in the parathyroid gland?

Answer 15

Parathyroid hormone (promotes rise in blood calcium by acting on bones, kidneys, and small intestine)

Question 16

What is the hormone found in the thymus gland?

Answer 16

Thymosin (Required for T lymphocytes development)

Question 17

What are the 2 hormones found in the pancreas?

Answer 17

1. Glucagon: Secretes alpha cells to increase blood glucose levels if you skip a meal
2. Insulin: Secrete beta cells to decrease blood glucose level after you eat

Question 18

What are the 3 hormones found in the adrenal gland?

Answer 18

1. Steroids & cortisol - Cortex (stress hormones; helps with inflammation)
2. Adrenalin - Medulla (excitement)

Question 19

What is the hormone found in the testes?

Answer 19

Testosteron (Facilitation of male secondary sex characteristics)

Question 20

What are the two hormones of the ovary gland?

Answer 20

1. Progesterone (Pregnancy hormone that preps the body for pregnancy)
2. Estrogen (Facilitates female sexual characteristics and menstrual cycle)