Skeletal System

Question 1

What type of tissue is bone?

Answer 1

Connective tissue

Question 2

What is the bone matrix made up of?

Answer 2

Made up of collagen, calcium, phosphate, and other minerals.

Question 3

What are the three types of cells that make up the bone tissue and what are their functions?

Answer 3

• osteoclasts: remove/destroy bone matrix
• osteoblasts: Produce the matrix in layers
• osteocytes: maintain the structure of the matrix

Question 4

Why would bone tissue have cells that destroy its matrix?

Answer 4

B/c it needs to maintain homeostasis of the right amount of weight and strength to support muscle action

Question 5

What are two examples of health conditions due imbalance of bone tissues

Answer 5

• Osteoporosis - decrease in bone density
• Osteopetrosis: “Marble Bone Disease”: osteoclasts malfunction in which there’s excess weight of bone

Question 6

In osteoporosis, what cell is the least active?

Answer 6

Osteoblasts

Question 7

In osteopetrosis, what cell is the least active?

Answer 7

osteoclasts

Question 8

What are the three main factors that affect bone health and its cellular activities?

Answer 8

• activity level
• nutrition
• hormonal level

Question 9

What are the 5 types of bones? Provide examples of each

Answer 9

1. Flat - frontal bone
2. long - femur bone
3. Short: carpals or tarsals bone
4. Irregular: Lumbar vertebrae
5. Sesamoid: Patella

Question 10

What are the 5 parts of the long bond?

Answer 10

1. periosteum
2. medullary cavity
3. endosteum
4. diaphysis
5. epiphysis

Question 11

What are the two types of bone tissue?

Answer 11

1. Compact bone
2. spongy bone

Question 12

What can be found in the spongy bone?

Answer 12

Trabeculae

Question 13

What can be found in the trabeculae? (from outermost to innermost)

Answer 13

1. osteoblast
2. osteoclast
3. osteocyte
4. canaliculus
5. lamellae

Question 14

What are epiphyseal plates?

Answer 14

Growth plates at the epiphysis (ends) of the long bone

Question 15

What is periosteum?

Answer 15

Dense layer of the bone that envelopes the bone except at the surface

Question 16

What is the endosteum?

Answer 16

Membrane lining of the inner surface of the bone

Question 17

Does the word articulation mean movement?

Answer 17

No, it doesnt. It means the joining place of two joints/ligaments

Question 18

Give an example of an organ made primarily from cartilages

Answer 18

Larynx: Voice Box

Question 19

What is perichondrium?

Answer 19

Connective tissue that envelops cartilage where it’s not at a joint

Question 20

What is the cartilage matrix made up of?

Answer 20

Matrix is a ground substance imbedded with either collagen or elastic fibers

Question 21

What two cells make up three types of cartilaginous tissue?

Answer 21

Chondroblasts and chondrocytes

Question 22

What are the 3 types of cartilage tissues with examples?

Answer 22

• hyaline cartilage: movable joints
• elastic cartilage: ears
• fibrocartilage: intervertebral discs