BMS 320 > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

(114 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

negative feedback

A

hormone inhibits its own release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

down-regulation of receptors

A

a hormone decreases the affinity and number of its receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

hormonal or neural mechanisms

A

hormones are transported in the blood and interact with receptors on target organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

catecholamines

A

released by the adrenal medulla (cait is like medusa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cholesterol

A

precursor of all steroid hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

amine hormones

A

can be transported on carrier proteins or unbound within the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

hypothalamic hormones

A

they travel within the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where are TRH, GnRH, and CRH secreted from

A

hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

TRH, GnRH, and CRH regulate the secretion of hormones from the ___

A

anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where are posterior lobe hormones synthesized

A

hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what could a lesion in the hypothalamus lead to

A

inhibition of myometrial contractions, increased execretion of water, reduced ability to respond to BP dropping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

where is TSH synthesized from

A

anterior pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where is FSH released from

A

anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is FSH released in response to

A

GnRH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what facilitates sperm production in the male and maturation of ovarian follicles in females

A

GnRH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is of the neuroectodermal origin

A

adrenal medulla (medusa had a neuroectomy - lost her mind)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what percent of the adrenal gland does the adrenal medulla make up

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the amine hormones that the adrenal medulla produces

A

catecholamines (cait-medusa, catecholAMINEs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the two catecholamines that the adrenal medulla produces

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what does excessive ACTH stimulation cause

A

central obesity, hyperglycemia, muscle wasting, and hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

is T3 or T4 more biologically active

A

T3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

without the Na+/I- pump, what would be affected

A

tissue O2 consumption, muscle growth, ventilation, cardiac output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is crucial to CNS maturation and maintenance

A

T3 and T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what triggers the synthesis of new proteins which has widespread effects throughout the body

A

T3 and T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what travels in the blood bound to thyroxine-binding globulin
T3 and T4
26
is sweating hyperthyroidism or hypo
hyper
27
is elevated HR hyperthyroidism or hypo
hyper
28
is Grave's disease hyperthyroidism or hypo
hyper
29
is elevated BMR hyperthyroidism or hypo
hyper
30
is weight loss hyperthyroidism or hypo
hyper
31
is weight gain hyperthyroidism or hypo
hypo
32
is low BMR hyperthyroidism or hypo
hypo
33
is low to normal HR hyperthyroidism or hypo
hypo
34
is cretinism hyperthyroidism or hypo
hypo (hippos are creatins)
35
is mental confusion hyperthyroidism or hypo
hypo
36
is myxedema hyperthyroidism or hypo
hypo
37
is feeling cold hyperthyroidism or hypo
hypo
38
is lethargy hyperthyroidism or hypo
hypo
39
gluconeogenesis
formation of glucose from non-carb sources
40
glycogenesis
formation of glycogen from glucose
41
glycogenolysis
breakdown of glycogen to form glucose
42
glycolysis
breakdown of glucose (generates ATP)
43
is target tissue being the liver insulin or glucagon related
glucagon
44
is excess hormone insulin or glucagon related
insulin
45
is maintaining blood glucose via regulation of its storage and release insulin or glucagon related
both
46
is stimulation of glycogensis, lipogensis, and protein synthesis insulin or glucagon related
insulin
47
is starvation hormone insulin or glucagon related
glucagon
48
is release stimulated by decreased BG levels insulin or glucagon related
glucagon
49
is increased blood glucose levels during times of fasting insulin or glucagon related
glucagon
50
is stimulation of gluconeogensis, lipolysis, and glycogenolysis insulin or glucagon related
glucagon
51
is target tissue = liver, muscle, and adipose tissue insulin or glucagon related
insulin
52
is release stimulated by vagal stimulation insulin or glucagon related
insulin
53
how does glucose enter the beta cell
GLUT-2 receptors and facilitated diffusion transport
54
islets of langerhans
endocrine gland; produces hormones to maintain basal blood glucose levels
55
are calcium and phosphate regulated by the same hormone
yes - parathyroid hormone
56
calcitonin
produced by thyroid gland to decrease blood calcium
57
how does calcitonin decrease blood calcium levels
increases osteoblast activity, inhibiting kidney reabsorption of calcium, and inhibiting calcium reabsorption through the GI tract
58
thyroxine
most important hormone for maintaining metabolic rate and body temp
59
where is thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) produced
pituitary gland
60
what is thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) secreted by
hypothalamus
61
what kind of hormones does the hypothalamus secrete
tropic hormones
62
what do tropic hormones do
stimulate the secretion of other hormones
63
injection of thyroxine would cause what
hyperthyroidism
64
what does type 1 diabetes mellitus imply
the pancreas is not producing sufficient insulin
65
what does type 2 mellitus imply
the cells of the body are unresponsive to circulating insulin
66
what is glucagon's main job
opposes the action of insulin
67
how do we maintain plasma glucose homeostasis
insulin-mediated transport of glucose acts as negative feedback when plasma glucose levels rise
68
what does follicle stimulating hormone do
stimulates ovarian follicle development
69
what is estrogen produced by
developing ovarian follicles
70
what does calcitonin work against
the development of osteoporosis
71
when do the ovaries stop secreting estrogen
after menopause
72
cortisol
a hormone important in the body's response to stress
73
ACTH
tropic hormone that stimulates cortisol release
74
CRH
has a tropic effect on the anterior pituitary gland
75
what is cushing's syndrome
hypercortisolism
76
what is hypocortisolism
low levels of cortisol in the blood
77
if CRH increases, then what happens to ACTH
it increases
78
if ACTH increases, what happens to CRH
it decreases
79
what happens to ACTH when cortisol increases
ACTH will decrease
80
if a hyper secreting pituitary tumor develops, then an expected outcome is
cushing's disease
81
if a hypersecreting adrenal cortex tumor develops, than what happens
low levels of CRH due to negative feedback (increased cortisol inhibits CRH)
82
what would you expect in terms of hormones in a patient with addison's disease
high levels of ACTH
83
what two hormones can you produce while being hypophysectomized
thyroxine and TRH
84
levels of what hormones result in a goiter
TRH or TSH
85
what would a decrease in thyroxine cause the increase of
TSH and TRH
86
what hormones might be suppressed with a thyroxine injection
TSH and TRH
87
what does PTU do to thyroxine
decreases (Put Thyroxine Under normal levels)
88
what happens to BMR when thyroxine is decreased
decreases
89
in what condition are fasting blood glucose levels elevated in
type 1 and type 2 diabetes
90
when is excess glucose found in the urine
when transport max for reabsorption in kidney tubules is exceeded
91
do mothers with gestational diabetes have it after the child is born
no
92
do patients respond quickly to insulin injections in type 1 or type 2 diabetes
type 1
93
are patients that are less responsive to insulin usually type 1 or 2 diabetes
type 2
94
are insulin levels close to normal in type 1 or 2 diabetes
type 2
95
what does reduction of estrogen impair
bone growth
96
does calcitonin increase or decrease bone density
increase
97
most effective replacement therapy for bone density
estrogen
98
where is the tumor in cushing's syndrome
adrenal gland (increased cortisol (adrenaline))
99
what is the adrenal tumor producing too much of in cushing's syndrome
cortisol
100
what is a pituitary tumor producing too much of in cushing's disease
ACTH (disease has an A so it's ACTH, not cortisol)
101
is cushing's syndrome primary or secondary hypercortisolism
primary hypercortisolism
102
is cushing's disease primary or secondary hypercortisolism
secondary hypercortisolism
103
where are target cells for ACTH located
adrenal cortex
104
where does high levels of cortisol normally provide negative feedback to
anterior pituitary and hypothalamus
105
what do high levels of cortisol suppress
pituitary secretion
106
what does pituitary secretion being suppressed do to ACTH levels
they become low
107
what is iatrogenic cushing's syndrome
excessive cortisol due to medication
108
how is iatrogenic cushing's syndrome induced
physician and treatment with glucocorticoid hormones
109
what is iatrogenic cushing's syndrome also called
steroid diabetes
110
what levels are elevated in Addison's disease
ACTH
111
why are ACTH level elevated in Addison's disease
negative feedback of decreased cortisol levels
112
what does the negative feedback of low cortisol stimulate
pituitary produces ACTH in attempt to increase cortisol
113
is Addison's disease primary or secondary
primary
114
why is Addison's disease considered primary
adrenal cortex can't produce cortisol
BMS 320
flashcards
Decks in class (12)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions