Endocrine System

Question 1

How do the endocrine and nervous systems work together?

Answer 1

Homeostasis, growth, and sexual maturation

Question 2

2 major groups of hormones:

Answer 2

Steroid and nonsteroid hormones

Question 3

Hormones:

Answer 3

• Chemical messengers that control the growth, differentiation, and metabolism of specific target cells
• Alter the rate of protein synthesis

Question 4

Steroid hormones:

Answer 4

• Enter target cells and have a direct effect on DNA

- Lipid-souble

Question 5

Nonsteroid hormones:

Answer 5

• Protein hormones that remain at the cell surface and act through a second messenger called AMP
• Water-soluble

Question 6

Multiple hormones are released during stress from:

Answer 6

• The adrenal cortex, hypothalamus, and posterior and anterior pituitary
• Cortisol is released from the adrenal cortex that reduces inflammation, raises blood sugar level, and inhibits release of histamine

Question 7

Pituitary gland:

Answer 7

• Nicknamed “master gland”
• Attached to the hypothalamus by the infundibulum
• Has an anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) and posterior lobe (neurohypophysis)

Question 8

Hormones of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis) are called:

What do they include?

Answer 8

Tropic hormones
______________
Includes: STH/GH, ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH, PRL

Question 9

Hormones released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neuropophsis) include:

Answer 9

Oxytocin (labor hormone) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 10

Major glands of the endocrine system: (9)

Answer 10

Hypothalamus, pineal, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal, gonads (ovaries and testes), and pancreas

Question 11

Hypothalamus:

Answer 11

-Connects the nervous system to the endocrine system because it receives sensory info through nerves and sends instructions via hormones to the pituitary

Question 12

How does the hypothalamus communicate with the pituitary gland?

Answer 12

By secreting “releasing hormones” (RH) and “inhibiting hormones” (IH)

Question 13

Pineal gland releases:

Answer 13

Melatonin

Question 14

Parathyroid gland controls:

Answer 14

Calcium

Question 15

Thyroid gland controls:

Answer 15

Metabolism

Question 16

Thymus gland:

Answer 16

-Stimulates the production of T-cells

Question 17

Pancreas controls:

Answer 17

Blood glucose by releasing insulin (↑ or ↓ blood glucose) and glucagon (↓ blood glucose)

Question 18

Adrenal medulla releases:

Answer 18

Epi and nor-epi in fight or flight response

Question 19

Kidneys control:

Answer 19

• RBC production (erythropoitin)

- Calcium absorption (calcitriol)

Question 20

Adrenal cortex controls:

Answer 20

• ↑ blood glucose and ↓ K+ (aldosterone)
• Stressors and ↑ in blood glucose (glucocorticoids)
• Secondary sex characteristics (androgen)