A321 > Engine > Flashcards

Engine Flashcards

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1
Q

What kind of the engine does A321 have ?

A

Jet Engine with high by pass ratio

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2
Q

What does “High by pass ratio” mean ?

A

Air goes into engine is divided into flows
* Most of the air flows out of the engine core, and provide most of engine thrust
* The remain air enters the core engine

The air which provide most of the engine thrust is call by pass air

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3
Q

What is N1 ?

A

Rotation speed of the fan

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4
Q

What is N2 ?

A

Rotation speed of HP rotor

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5
Q

How many igniter does an engine have ?

A

Each engine has 2 igniters, locate inside combustion chamber

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6
Q

What is the function of accessory gearbox ?

A

Drives various accessories with mechanical power via HP shaft
* Oil feed pump
* Fuel pump
* Hydraulic pump
* Generator
* FADEC alternator
* Pneumatic stater

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7
Q

What redundancy does FADEC have ?

Full Authority Digital Engine Control

A

2 channels, one active, one stby

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8
Q

What is the power source for FADEC ?

Full Authority Digital Engine Control

A

FADEC has its own magnetic alternator.
If alternator fails, a/c electrical system will power FADEC

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9
Q

What is the function of EIU ?

Engine Interface Unit

A

Transmits to FADEC the data it uses for eninge management

Infor from

  • Zone cont
  • LGCIU
  • BMC
  • FCU
  • FMGS

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10
Q

How does “Protection again fan flutter” funtion work ?

CEO a/c only

A

On ground at low speed, EEC prevents engines from stabilized btw 60% and 74% N1( depend on OAT)

Electronic Engine Computer

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11
Q

What are FADEC tasks during manual start sequence ?

A
  1. passive monitor engine
  2. control of
    * start valve
    * HP fuel valve
    * Ignition
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12
Q

What is the different btw auto start and manual start ?

A
  • During auto start FADEC control and monitor the sequence include auto crank
  • During manual start, pilot have to monitor engine parameter, FADEC only control the start valve, HP fuel valve, and ignition. Cranking has to be done manually also.
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13
Q

How many idle mode does FADEC have ?

CEO a/c

A

Modulated Idle
Approach Idle
Reverse Idle

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14
Q

How many idle mode does FADEC have ?

NEO a/c

A

Minimum Idle
Approach Idle
Reverse Idle

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15
Q

What is minimum idle mode ?

NEO a/c

A

Is regulated according to
* Bleed system demand
* ambient condition
Is selected
* In flight when LDG is retract and not in config 3 or full
* On ground, provide reverse is not selected

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16
Q

What is approach idle mode ?

NEO a/c

A
  • Is selected according to a/c alt, bleed demand and ambient condition
  • Is selected in flight, in CONF 3 or Full or LDG is down
  • Allow engine to accelerate rapidly from idle to GA thrust
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17
Q

What is reverse idle mode ?

Both NEO and CEO

A
  • Is selected on ground when thrust lever in REV IDLE position
  • Is slightly higher than foward idle thrust
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18
Q

What is modulated idle mode ?

CEO a/c

A

Is regulated according to
* Bleed system demand
* ambient condition
Is selected
* In flight when Flap at zero
* On ground, provide reverse is not selected

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19
Q

What is approach idle mode ?

CEO a/c

A
  • Is selected according to a/c alt, bleed demand and ambient condition
  • Is selected in flight, when flaps extend
  • Allow engine to accelerate rapidly from idle to GA thrust
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20
Q

What is detents and stops ?

Thrust lever

A

Detents
* MCT/FLEX
* CLB
* REV IDLE
Stops
* TOGA
* IDLE
* REV MAX

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21
Q

How does FADEC compute thrust rating limit ?

A

Depend on thrust lever position
* If thrust lever is set in a detent, FADEC selects the rating limit corresponding to this detent
* If thrust lever is set btw 2 detents, FADEC selects the rating limit corresponding to the higher detent

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22
Q

How many power setting does FADEC have ?

CEO

A
  • N1
  • EPR
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23
Q

What is N1 mode and EPR mode ?

CEO

A

EPR is normal mode
N1 is rated or degraded mode

Loss A/THR and Alpha Floor during N1 mode

EPR = Low pressure turbine exhaust press (P5) / Engine inlet press (P2)

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24
Q

What is N1 rated mode ?

CEO

A

FADEC will determine N1 power setting as a function of TLA, altitude and engine inlet total temp

Thrust Lever Angle

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25
What is N1 degraded mode ? | CEO
N1 is define by function of TLA only | Thrust Lever Angle
26
When will FADEC revert to N1 rated mode ? | CEO
When P2 (engine inlet pressure) and P5 (low pressure turbine exhaust press) are not avail
27
When will FADEC revert to N1 degraded mode ? | CEO
* When loss T2 (engine inlet total temp) or ambient pressure (ambient pressure engine sensor) parameters * Emer Elec Conf
28
How to revert back to EPR mode from N1 mode ? | CEO
Switching OFF the ENG N1 MODE pb | only work if the failure has dissapeared
29
What are the composition of fuel pump unit in engine ? | CEO
Consists of low and high fuel pump
30
What is the function of Fuel Oil Heat Exchanger ? | CEO
Heat the fuel, cool the oil
31
What is the function of fuel metering unit ? | CEO
FADEC control fuel supply via FMU | Fuel Metering Unit ## Footnote For NEO is IFPC (Integrated Fuel Pump and Control)
32
How is IDG oil cooled ? | CEO
Via IDG cooler | Also by engine fuel
33
How many operation mode does IDG cooling recirculation system have ? | CEO
* 2 Return to tank mode * 2 No return to tank mode
34
What are the components of oil system ? | CEO
* Oil tank * Lube and scavenge pump modules * Fuel/oil heat and air/oil heat exchanger * Filter, chip detector, pressure relief and bypass valve ## Footnote NEO has additional * Oil pump for HP and LP rotors * Oil pump for FDGS
35
What is the cooling method for engine ?
Active clearance control for the high and low pressure turbine blade tip clearance by cooling the related turbine case
36
What is the method to keep engine stability ?
By control the airflow through HP and LP compressure via valves which is installed in different stage of compressor
37
How can engine create reverse thrust ?
Translating sleeves are fully deployed reaward, thus enabling the pivoting blocker doors to forward divert the fan flow through cascades
38
What are the deploy requirement for reverse thrust ?
* One FADEC channel * Right and left main gear compressed signal from corresponding LGCIUs * TLA reverse signals from at least one SEC
39
What is the protection method for reverser system ?
FADEC will automatically select thrust to idle in case of * Inadvertent deploy * Inadvertent stowage
40
What is the component of engine ignition system ?
It consists of two identical independent circuit, which is controlled by FADEC
41
How many igniter supply for auto start ?
One and FADEC automatically alternates the igniters and/or channel used in successive sequence
42
How does ignition come on and off ? | CEO
**Auto start** Ignition come on automatically after dry crank and cut off automatically when N2 reach 43% **Manual start** When ENG MASTER is ON
43
How does ignition come on and off ? | NEO
**Auto start** Ignition come on automatically after N2 reach 18% and cut off automatically when N2 reach 55% **Manual start** When ENG MASTER is ON
44
When do both igniters come on for starting ?
* Manual start * Relight inflight
45
When does continuous ignition come on automatically ? | CEO
* Engine flameout or surge detected * Quick relight * ENG ANTI ICE pb ON * Approach idlle is selected * GA with slats/flaps * EIU failed
46
What are the components of engine starter ?
* Air tubine starter * Start valve
47
How to open starter valve when electrical fails ?
a handle allows the valve to be open manually
48
What happen when automatic start failed ?
FADEC will abort the sequence and dry crank the engine
49
# auto start What happen when ENG MODE selected IGN/START ?
* ENG page appears on SD * All engine parameters are avail * Pack valves auto close ## Footnote After 30s if ENG MASTER lever not ON, pack valves auto open
50
# auto start What happen when ENG MASTER ON ? | CEO
* LP fuel valves open * Start valve open After dry crank (30s) * ignition start * HP fuel valves open
51
# auto start What happen when ENG MASTER ON ? | NEO
* LP fuel valves open * Start valve open After dry crank (2min) * ignition start * HP fuel valves open
52
# Manual start What happen when ENG MODE selected IGN/START ENG MAN START pb ON ?
Start valve open
53
# Manual start What happen when ENG MASTER ON ?
* HP valve open * Both igniters on
54
How to turn off igniter and close start valve during manual start ? | CEO
FADEC do it automatically when N2 reach 43% ## Footnote NEO 55%
55
What "COOLING" memo displayed on E/WD mean ?
Engines are cranking
56
Why do we need to crank the engine after failed start attemp ?
Cranking helps ventilate the engine to remove fuel vapors on ground
57
Can enigne be crank inflight ?
NO
58
How to perfrom wet crank process ?
* ENG MODE select CRANK * ENG MASTER ON * ENG MAN START ON
59
ENG FAULT light?
* HP fuel valve in abnormal position * Automatic start aborts * Malfunction of thrust control
60
What does "REV" in amber mean ?
Thrust reverser system is unlocked
61
What does "REV" in green mean ?
Thrust reverser system is fully deployed
62
What happen when hold A/THR instinctive disconnect pb > 15s ?
A/THR will be disconnected for the rest of the flight
63
Where can you find thrust reduction alt and is the number always the same ?
PERF page on MCDU, number can be modified
64
Which pb control the LP fuel valve ?
ENG MASTER switch
65
Which thrust lever position must be in, in order to active A/THR ?
* CLB for both engines * MCT for OEI
66
T/O can be done using which power setting ?
* TOGA * FLEX
67
What happen when you selected FLEX without set flex temp into MCDU ?
MCT setting will be in used
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