ENT

Question 1

most common bacteria to cause otitis meda

Answer 1

streptococcus pneumoniae
haemophilus influenzae
moraxella catarrhalis

Question 2

complications of acute otitis media

Answer 2

• TM perforation
• serous otitis media “glue ear”
• febrile convulsion
• facial nerve palsy
• lateral sinus thrombosis
• mastoiditis

Question 3

when should you consider AB for a child with otitis media with effusion

Answer 3

for symptomatic cases that have not resolves in 3 months

Question 4

definition of quisy

Answer 4

cellulitis of space behind tonsillar capsule extending onto soft palate leading to abscess formation

Question 5

what do you see on otosocopy in a child with otitis media with effusion

Answer 5

• meniscus fluid level behind the TM
• air bubble
• amber/dull TM

Question 6

clinical presentation of epiglottitis

Answer 6

4 D’s = drooling, dysphagia, dysphona, distress

• toxic appearance
• stridor
• high fever

Question 7

what are the causes of persistent lymph node enlargement

Answer 7

• atopic eczema
• chronic infection
• malignancy - lymphoma, leukaemia
• rheumatological - juvenile chronic arthritis, SLE

Question 8

lymph node enlargement characteristic of bacterial infection

Answer 8

• large nodes >10mm
• tender
• may be fluctuant
• most often on anterior part of neck
• often assoc with fever, warm, erythematous overlying skin

Question 9

complications of quinsy

Answer 9

• aspiration pneumonia secondary to spontaenous rupture of abscess
• airway obstruction
• bacteraemia
• retropharyngeal abscess

Question 10

lymph node enlargement characteristic of viral infection

Answer 10

• small
• firm
• non-tender

Question 11

definition of epiglottitis

Answer 11

acute inflammation of the supraglottic region of the oropharynx

Question 12

when should you consider giving AB for otitis media

Answer 12

• less than 12 months old

- Unwell for beyond 24-48 hours

Question 13

signs that point to bacterial pharyngitis over viral

Answer 13

• fever
• tonsillar exudate
• tender enlarged cervical lymph nodes
• absence of cough

Question 14

typical triad of presentation in quinsy

Answer 14

trismus
uvular deviation
dysphonia

Question 15

things you see on otoscopy in a child with acute otitis media

Answer 15

tympanic membrane dull and opaque
bulging tM
loss of light reflex

Question 16

absolute indications for surgical tonsillectomy

Answer 16

• sleep disordered breathing
• recurrent throat infections
• tonsillary hypertrophy
• suspicion of malignancy
• haemorrhagic tonsillitis

Question 17

which AB should you give for otitis media

Answer 17

amoxicillin

Question 18

otitis media characterized by

Answer 18

presence of fluid in the middle ear