Skin

Question 1

prodrome of varicella

Answer 1

fever, malaise, anorexia

Question 2

describe the rash of roseola

Answer 2

blanching macular or maculopapular rash

- non-pruritic

Question 3

describe rash of varicella

Answer 3

macules –> papules –> vesicles –> pustules –> crustules

• tends to be more central than peripheral
• occurs in crops
• significant pruritis

Question 4

potential complication of Kawasaki disease

Answer 4

coronary aneurysm in 20-25% of untreated patients

Question 5

describe the rash of parvovirus

Answer 5

diffuse macular erythematous rash with central clearing - lack reticulated

• starts on the cheek and moves downwards
• spares palms and soles

Question 6

timecourse of a haemangioma

Answer 6

not present at birth
grow for several months
fully resolve over several years

Question 7

What is mastocytosis

Answer 7

rare disease causing reddish-brown plaques/macules - caused by excessive infiltration of the skin by mast cells

Question 8

transmission of CMV

Answer 8

direct contact

Question 9

complications of parvovirus

Answer 9

hydrops foetalis
aplastic crisis
arthritis
myocarditis

Question 10

peak incidence of HSP

Answer 10

2-8 years

2x more in males

Question 11

common associated symptom of rubella

Answer 11

lymphadenoapthy - particularly sub-occipital, post auricular and cervical

Question 12

what is henoch schonlein purpura

Answer 12

childhood small vessel vasculitis

Question 13

transmission of varicella

Answer 13

airborne

direct contact with vesicle fluid

Question 14

treatment of Kawasaki disease

Answer 14

admission
ECHO
IVIg
aspirin once a day for at least 6-8 weeks

Question 15

describe the rash of molluscum

Answer 15

umbilicated, pearl-like smooth papules on eyelids, beard, neck, axilla, trunk, perineum, buttocks

Question 16

describe the timecourse of the fever and rash in parvovirus

Answer 16

URTI Sx –> high fever –> rash and disappearance of the rash

Question 17

what is the most common tumour in babies

Answer 17

haemagioma

Question 18

diagnostic criteria for Kawasaki

Answer 18

Fever of more then 38.5 for 5 days or more PLUS 4 out of 5 of the following:

• polymorphous rash
• bilateral conjunctival injection
• mucous membrane changes - lips, strawberry tongue, erythema of oral/pharyngeal mucosa
• peripheral changes
• unilateral cervical lymphadenopathy

Question 19

Describe the rash of rubella

Answer 19

maculopapular rash erupting on the face spreading down to neck/trunk –> extremities

Question 20

diagnosis of EBV

Answer 20

monospot

blood film may show atypical mononuclear cells

Question 21

risks of varicella during pregnancy

Answer 21

• early pregnancy - limb hypoplasia, microcephaly, mental retardation
• late pregnancy - risk of spontaneous abortion

Question 22

common results on blood tests when patient has Kawasaki

Answer 22

• thrombocytosis
• neutrophila
• raised ESR and CRP
• normochromic, normocytic anaemia
• hypoalbuminaemia
• elevated LFT

Question 23

prodrome of parvovirus

Answer 23

high grade fever
headache
coryza
nausea and diarrhoea

Question 24

which mutation is associated with eczema

Answer 24

fillagrin

Question 25

what are the Sx of congenital rubella syndrome

Answer 25

``` growth retardation intellectual disability blindeness deafness congenital heart defects cataracts ```

Question 26

treatment of HSP

Answer 26

supportive | - check for renal complications

Question 27

Sx of coxsackie

Answer 27

- low grade fever - maculopapular/vesicular lesions on hands, feet and buttocks - vesicles/ulcers in/around mouth

Question 28

prodrome of rubella

Answer 28

fever, headache, URTI Sx

Question 29

transmission of molluscum

Answer 29

direct/fomite contact in children | sexual contact in adults

Question 30

what is the main complication of CMV in pregnancy

Answer 30

sensorineural hearing loss in baby

Question 31

describe the rash in HSP

Answer 31

palpable purpura on lower extremities and buttocks in a symmetrical distribution

Question 32

definition of Kawasaki disease

Answer 32

systemic vasculitis of the medium arteries in children

Question 33

complications of roseola

Answer 33

seizures aseptic meningitis encephalitis - rare thrombocytopaenic purpura

Question 34

what are the congenital TORCH organisms

Answer 34

- toxoplasmosis - other - syphillus, HIV, varicella, Zika - Rubella - Cytomegalovirus - HSV

Question 35

treatment for a port wine stain

Answer 35

laser therapy

Question 36

clinical triad of HSP

Answer 36

palpable purpura abdominal pain arthritis/arthralgia

Question 37

long term complication of HSP

Answer 37

nephritis

Question 38

clinical features of roseola

Answer 38

high fever for 3-5 days in an otherwise well child and then the rash appears after the fever resolves

Question 39

what aspects of a haemangioma would make it likely to get surgical treatment

Answer 39

- ulcerating - on the eyelid or adjacent to the globe - deforms structures - grows thicker - associated with stridor, thrombocytopania - multiple lesions

Question 40

most common age group to be affected by Kawasaki disease

Answer 40

90% occur in those less than 5 years

Question 41

transmission fo rubella

Answer 41

direct contacts | droplets

Question 42

infectious period of varicella

Answer 42

1-2 days pre eruption --> 5 days post eruption

Question 43

transmission of parvovirus

Answer 43

respiratory droplets

Question 44

transmission of coxsackie

Answer 44

direct contact with fluid

Question 45

who can you give Zoster Ig to for prophylaxis

Answer 45

- non immune pregnant women - neonates whose mothers develop varicella from 7 days before to 2 days after delivery - immune deficient