Env. Ethics

Question 1

Humes law

Answer 1

Ethics, cannot derive an ought from an is

Question 2

Final value

Answer 2

valuable in itself

Question 3

Instrumental value

Answer 3

Valuable since it contributes to another value

Question 4

Anthropocentrism

Answer 4

• humans at the center
• only humans have moral standing
• consequence - the action that does the most good
• the env should be protected if it benefits humans

Question 5

Animal rights

Answer 5

• all beings that have consiousness desires have values as individuals -> moral standing
• mamals, birds, fish
• human and animal interest equally
• individual animals

Question 6

Biocentrism

Answer 6

• Taylor
• all life has moral standing as idividuals, animals and plants
• other life should be respected as much as possible, and harm to other life should be avoided
• basic needs for humans and not basic needs be fulfilled
  normative:
• do not hurt living organisms
• leave nature alone, dont interfere
• restore if possible after wrong doing

Question 7

Ecocentrism

Answer 7

• from the individual to the collective
• mountains, ecosystems, forests, species have moral standing
• Ecosystems final value, individuals instrumental value to the eco functions
• Ecosystems value through stability, beauty and integrity
• human use ok but should limit the impact as much as possible
• killing individual animals ok

Question 8

Weak ecocentrism

Answer 8

Biocentrism, and ecocentrism

• leave the winderness alone
• do not cause harm to animals more than they would suffer in nature
• dont harm other species
• restore wilderness as much as much as is reasonable