Forestry

Question 1

What does FRA stand for?

Answer 1

Forest resource assessment

Question 2

What are 4 sustainable indicators for forest?

Answer 2

1. Ecosystems condition and productivity
2. Sustaining forest management
3. Maintaining ecological integrity and biodiversity
4. Economic and social benefits

Question 3

What is the forest role internationally?

Answer 3

1. Carbon stock

2. Goods - food and material

Question 4

Why are the 4 sustainable indicators for forest important?

Answer 4

They are science-based measures that provide a consistent approach to assessing, monitoring and reporting, that leads to identify change in forest management required to maintain a healthy forest

Question 5

Describe 1. Ecosystems condition and productivity

Answer 5

• change in forest area
• natural (primary) and planted forest
• cover loss (to agriculture, and unequally distributed)

Question 6

Primary forest

Answer 6

• big relevance to forest biological diversity
• forest remaining unmodified by human activity, grown forest (temperate 60-80 years, tropical 400-500 years)
• ecosystem function: relevant for soil and water conservation, biological diversity, oxogen, ecological systems
• 36% of all forest

Question 7

Planted forest

Answer 7

• purpose for production or/and protection of soil and water
• if well managed get goods and services
• in wastelands and abandoned agricultural land
• increasing trend

Question 8

Describe 2. Sustainable forest management

Answer 8

Parts:

• long term planing
• Forest management plan - an instrument used to ensure forests are managed so they are able to sustain provisional goods and services in the long run
• forest management certification - monitoring tool and ensure good management
• Forest monitoring and reporting - measures status and trends in forest. Provides up-to-date info for management and investors

Question 9

Describe 3. Maintaining ecological integrity and biodiversity

Answer 9

Parts:

• Protection of soil, water and env services
• Conservation of biodiversity and protected areas
• Biomass and carbon stock changes - capacity to sequence carbon
• All bigger forest countries good at conserving biodiversity
• ecosystems and sociocultural services
• cropland conversion program in China - halt soil errosion, protect down-stream rivers, re-vegitate country
  
  • compensating ppl to move from slopes, and planting trees there instead

Question 10

Describe 4. Economic and social benefits

Answer 10

• Trends in production, multiple-use forests and wood removals
  
  • because demand for wood for furniture, fuel, paper, industry from everyone
• Contribution of forestry to gross domestic products
  
  • contributes to GDP with forestry and logging
• Employment in forestry
  
  • societal economy and social welfare
  • employment in rural areas where it is needed
  • lots in tropical zone
• Forest ownership and management
  
  • clear ownership and good governance lead to sustainable management of forest

Question 11

What is socio-economic function of forest resources?

Answer 11

• Economy - employment, energy, trade

- Socio - cultural: spiritual, recreational, traditional knowledge, community, indigenous

Question 12

Carbon cycle

Answer 12

• natural and human induced from forest
• Emissions from deforestation and forest degredation 12% of human induced emissions globaly

Key points:

1. Deforestation matters
2. Depending on methods - diff results
3. Fossile fuel use is the real problem

Question 13

Where are carbon pools and what are they good for?

Answer 13

• Above ground in biomass
• Below ground in biomass
• Soil
• Litter
• Deadwood
• Harvested wood production
• reduces carbon reported emissions

Question 14

How is carbon stocked in Europe vs South america?

Answer 14

Europe: mostly in soil
South america: more in biomass
- when forest fires not good, or deforestation

Question 15

Future for forests (5 things)

Answer 15

1. Forest degradation is a problem but there are restoration opportunities
2. Biofuels and forest
3. Non timer/wood forest production
   - leaves, berries, animals - value as well
4. Trees outside forests
   - agricultural land, farms
   - fills another function that wood, non draining, for fruit harvesting
5. Multifunctionality
   - ex agroforestry, parkland, homegarden, watershed management
   - integrate forest with agriculture and consumption