Science 9 (Incomplete) > Environmental chemisty > Flashcards

Environmental chemisty Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

What substance can be used to distinguish between organic and inorganic compounds?

A

All organic compounds contain carbon, all inorganic compounds do not.

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2
Q

What is CHNOPS and what does it stand for?

A

CHNOPS stands for:
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorous
Sulfur
It makes up the vast majority of Biomass on earth.

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3
Q

What are nutrients, macronutrients, and micronutrients?

A

Nutrients are substances that organisms need to survive. macronutrients are substances organisms need large amounts of to survive, and micronutrients are substances organisms need small amounts of to survive.

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4
Q

What is the biogeochemical cycle?

A

The biogeochemical cycle is the process the environment cycles elements between organisms.

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5
Q

What are sources and sinks when taking about environemtal cycles?

A

Sources are anything that releases the substance into the atmosphere, sinks are anything that take it up.

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6
Q

What are the sources, sinks, and human impact of the water cycle?

A

Sources: Precipitation
Sinks: Bodies of water, condensation
Human impact: Dams, farming, deforestation

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7
Q

What substance is primarily used by plants and animals for respiration?

A

Oxygen is used by plants and animals for respiration.

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8
Q

What substance is extremely important for bones?

A

Calcium is extremely important for bones.

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9
Q

What substance is an important part of our red blood cells, allowing them to carry oxygen to our cells?

A

Iron is an important part of our red blood cells.

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10
Q

What substance is complex and provides the primary source of energy to many animals, including humans?

A

Glucose is the primary source of energy for many animals.

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11
Q

What substance is released mainly by industrial processes and helps form acid rain?

A

Sulfur dioxide is released by industrial processes and helps form acid rain.

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12
Q

What substance protects the planet from UV radiation but is highly toxic to life at ground level?

A

Ozone protects the planet from UV radiation but is highly toxic to life at ground level.

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13
Q

What is the main issue with pesticides?

A

Many pesticides end up killing or harming organisms other than their targets.

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14
Q

What does it mean for a chemical to be fixed?

A

A fixed chemical is one that is unusable to organisms in it’s current state.

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15
Q

What is photosynthesis and what is it’s formula?

A

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants take sunlight, water, and CO2, and converts it to glucose and oxygen. The formula is:
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy = C6H12O6 + 6 O2

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16
Q

What is cellular respiration and what is it’s formula?

A

Cellular respiration is the process by which our cells convert oxygen and glucose into energy, water, and carbon dioxide. The formula is:
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 = 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy

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17
Q

What are the sources, sinks, and human impact of the carbon cycle?

A

Sources: Respiration, emissions
Sinks: Forests, oceans
Human impact: Fossil fuels, clear cutting

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18
Q

What element is an important component of chlorophyll and is essential to the growth of body tissues?

A

Nitrogen is an important component of chlorophyll and is essential to the growth of body tissues.

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19
Q

What are carbohydrates?

A

Carbohydrates are sugars, substances our bodies break down for energy.

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20
Q

What are lipids?

A

Lipids are fats, substances our bodies use for energy storage.

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21
Q

What are nucleic acids?

A

Nucleic acids are large and complex, used for the transmission of genetic characteristics and controlling cellular activities.

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22
Q

What are monomers?

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A

An organic building block that makes up sections of something bigger.

23
Q

What is active transport?

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A

Active transport is the process organisms use to transport something within their body using energy.

24
Q

What is ingestion?

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A

Ingestion is the process of taking in a chemical by consuming it.

25
What is inhalation?
Inhalation is the process of taking in a chemical by breathing it in.
26
What is absorption?
Absorption is the process of taking in a chemical through a membrane on your skin.
27
What is a substrate?
A substrate is the object or substance on which a creature moves or lives.
28
What is biomagnification?
Biomagnification is the process by which those at the top of the food chain have the most pollutants, as they have consumed other organisms with pollutants.
29
True or false: Water intended for different uses have different cleanliness standards?
True
30
What is acidity (pH)?
The pH scale measures how acidic or alkaline a substance is. Lower is more acidic, higher is more Alkaline, 7 is neutral. The closer to neutral the better the health of the water.
31
What are nitrates?
Nitrates are often released from fertilizers and decaying plant matter, and can cause issues during pregnancy in humans.
32
What are phosphates?
Phosphates are released when animals die, and is used by many organisms. High levels can cause dangerous algae blooms.
33
What are total suspended solids (TSS)?
Total suspended solids is the weight of particles in water trapped by a filter.
34
What are total dissolved solids (TDS)?
Total dissolved solids are the substances dissolved in water.
35
What are contaminants?
Contaminants are any non-natural substance found in our water.
36
What is a bioindicator?
As many species thrive in specific conditions, you can tell if those conditions are met based on if that creature is present, those creatures are called bioindicators.
37
What substance makes up the majority of our air?
Nitrogen makes up 78% of our air.
38
What is sulfur dioxide?
Sulfur dioxide is a pollutant gas formed during many industrial processes and burning fossil fuels. It irritates the eyes and the respiratory system.
39
What are nitrogen oxides?
Nitrogen oxides are pollutants gases that are released by burning fossil fuels, it is harmful to the lungs and is a major component of acid rain.
40
What is carbon monoxide?
Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas released by burning some substances.
41
What are volatile organic compounds (VOCs)?
Volatile organic compounds are a wide range of organic substances that contain both carbon and hydrogen, they react with nitrogen oxide, heat, and sunlight to form ozone.
42
What is particulate matter?
Particulate matter are tiny airborne particles, breathing to many in can be harmful to your lungs.
43
What is lead?
Lead is a heavy metal that is dangerous to human health, that is mainly released in the air by metal processing plants.
44
What does PPM stand for, what does it measure, and what is it's formula?
PPM stands for parts per million, and it measures substances dissolved in another. One PPM is equivalent to one part of the substance being measured for every million parts of the total mixture. The formula is: g of solute ÷ g of solution x 10 to the power of 6 OR mL of solute ÷ mL of solution × 10 to the power of 6
45
What causes sourness and bitterness?
Sour foods are such because they are acidic, bitter foods are such because they are alkaline.
46
What is an acid-based indicator?
An acid-based indicator is a substance who's color is extremely reactive to acidity and alkaline, different substances have different ranges of what they can detect.
47
What is neutralization?
When an acid and a base mix, they form a substance closer to being neutral on the pH scale, and as a result of this reaction, a salt and a water are produced.
48
What is acid rain?
Acid rain is when a chemical reactions take place in the atmosphere that causes some precipitation to be acidic.
49
What are the 3 stages in transport of chemicals?
The 3 stages in transport of chemicals are: Release: Something releases the chemical into the environment Dispersion: The chemical is dispersed throughout an area Deposition: The chemical gathers and collects in something
50
What is bioaccumulation?
Bioaccumulation is when toxic chemicals build up in an organism's tissues.
51
What is dilution?
Dilution is lowering the concentration of a substance by mixing it with water.
52
What is using plants to clean up toxins called?
Using plants to clean up toxins is called phytoremediation.
53
What is called when light degrades a compound?
Light degrading a compound is called photolysis.
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