EOC

Question 1

equation for photosynthesis

Answer 1

CO2 + H2O + sunlights —> C6 H12 O6 + O2

Question 2

final products of the light reactions of photosynthesis

Answer 2

• Oxygen
• NADPH
• ATP

Question 3

final products of the dark reactions/Calvin Cycle

Answer 3

• RuBP

- Glucose

Question 4

final products of Glycolysis

Answer 4

• 2 NADH molecules
• 2 ATP molecules
• 2 pyruvate molecules

Question 5

final products of the pyruvate prep steps between Glycolysis and the Citric Acid Cycle

Answer 5

• 2 CO2 molecules
• 2 NADH
• 2 acetyl Co-A

Question 6

final products of the Citric Acid Cycle

Answer 6

• 6 NADH
• 2 FADH2
• 4 CO2
• 2ATP

Question 7

steps of DNA replication

Answer 7

• replication begins at the origin of replication, this forms a bubble
• the helices unzips the DNA strands
• the DNA polymerase puts down nucleotides that match up with the nitrogenous bases on the 3’ end leading strand
• for the 5’ lagging strand, the RNA Primase puts down a primer for the DNA Polymerase to go off of
• the lagging strand is actually a bunch of DNA fragments separated by primers, these fragments are called Okasaki fragments
• the Okasaki fragments are removed by the DNA ligase, which seals the fragments together to make one continuous strand like the Leading Strand

Question 8

steps of DNA Transcription

Answer 8

1. Initiation
   - the RNA polymerase binds to DNA at the promoter
   - it unravels the strand by breaking the hydrogen bonds
   - it follows DNA in 3’ to 5’ as RNA is made from 5’ to 3’
2. Termination
   - the RNA polymerase stops and detaches
   - the double helix rewinds and the hydrogen bonds get back together
3. Elongation
   - making the messenger RNA
   - to get to the end you find the terminator

Question 9

steps of DNA Translation

Answer 9

• the mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to the cytoplasm
• a ribosome attache to the mRNA strand
• the cell is full of the 20 amino acids that are floating around
• the tRNA will pick up a specific amino acid and bring it to the ribosome
• the tRNA releases the amino acid once its anticodon pairs with the correct mRNA codon
• the ribosome will move along the mRNA strand as the tRNA molecule brings the correct amino acids that match with the mRNA
• the amino acids will form peptide bonds with each other, and you will then have a long string of amino acids that will fold up and become a protein

Question 10

types of RNA

Answer 10

• mRNA: (messenger RNA) carries directions to make amino acid sequences
• rRNA: (ribosomal RNA) is in the ribosome
• tRNA: (transfer RNA) carries amino acids and has anticodons

Question 11

cell cycle phases

Answer 11

Interphase: not cell division

• the cell is doing its normal cellular function
• divided in 3 stages:
  
  • G1: organelles double in number, the cells grows
  • S phase: DNA replication
  • G2: prep for mitosis

Mitosis

Cytokinesis