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Question 1

stages of DR

Answer 1

Mild NPDR: MA
Moderate: IRMA, CWS
Severe: Significant haem, Intra retinal microvascular abnormalities
Early PDR: NV, vit haem
High risk PDR: Fibrous tissue proliferation
DME: can occur at any stage

Question 2

Stages of Hypertensive retinopathy

Answer 2

Grade 1: AV nicking, A narrowing
2: copper wiring
3: Haem, CWS, exudates
4: Papilledema, Macular star
* Grade 4 is malignant hypertension and causes raised ICP