epidemiology

Question 1

epidemiology

Answer 1

study of disease or condition distribution in a population

Question 2

what is epidemiology driven by

Answer 2

data collection and systematic approach to analysis of the data

Question 3

purpose of epidemiology

Answer 3

• identify etiology of disease and determine risk factors
• can determine impact on population
• creates a framework for public policy

Question 4

types of study designs for epidemiology

Answer 4

descriptive
analyticsal

Question 5

destcriptive epidemiology

Answer 5

• answers the who, what, where, when, etc. quesitons
• determines the facts of the case
• can be used to identify problems and patterns
• informs analytic epi

Question 6

analytic epidemiology

Answer 6

• experimental study based on epidemiology
• answers questions with comparison groups

Question 7

types of anaytic study designs

Answer 7

prospective and retrospective

Question 8

prospective analytic epi design

Answer 8

• randomized clinical trial and cohort studies
• measures baseline data and then observes who becomes injured

Question 9

prospective cohort design

Answer 9

uses naturally occuring groups of individuals that are followed together over time

Question 10

what is the gold standard method for determing risk factors for injuy

Answer 10

prospective cohort study

Question 11

retrospective analytic epi study designs

Answer 11

case control

Question 12

case control studies

Answer 12

determine who has the injury and can identify potential risk factors but not fully confident of the risk factosr

Question 13

when are case control studies used

Answer 13

for rare disease cases and then compare that to a control group

Question 14

what is the most rigorous study design

Answer 14

• randomized clinical trials
• helps to limit bias the most

Question 15

efficacy

Answer 15

• ability to produce resutls under ideal conditions
• less standarduzed
• focuses on internal validity

Question 16

effectiveness

Answer 16

• examines outcomes in real life situations
• lower internal validity but higher external validity

Question 17

efficiency

Answer 17

• observes how the program itselg is doing compared to the cost of it (cost-benefit eval)

Question 18

endemic

Answer 18

habitual presence of diseae within a geographical area

Question 19

epidemic

Answer 19

occurance of a disease in a community beyond normal expectancy

Question 20

pandemic

Answer 20

widespread area of infection

Question 21

morbidity

Answer 21

refers to the disease
- number of persosn in a population who become ill or are ill at a given time

Question 22

mortalilty

Answer 22

• refers to death
• frequency of death during a specified time interval

Question 23

how is moratlity calculated

Answer 23

total number of deaths/numer of persons in the population

Question 24

what are metrics to descrie morbidity

Answer 24

incidence and prevalence

Question 25

incidence

Answer 25

the number of new cases of pathology in a given period of time

Question 26

prevalence

Answer 26

proportion of cases among a given population

Question 27

risk factors

Answer 27

characterisitcs associated with specific health conditions

Question 28

intrinsic risk factors

Answer 28

inherent to the organism - age, gener, previos injury

Question 29

extrinsic risk factors

Answer 29

environmental exposure, protective equipment rule changes or occupational guidelines

Question 30

non modifiable risk factors

Answer 30

age, gender, genetics

Question 31

modifable risk factors

Answer 31

things that can be changes overweight joint injury occupation

Question 32

relative risk

Answer 32

- calculated in prospective studies on to calculate incident rate - exposed vs nonexposed

Question 33

odds ratio

Answer 33

ratio of having the target disroder in the exipiermental group relative to the odds in the control group - cannot be used to calculate incidence

Question 34

odds ratio = 1

Answer 34

event is euqally likely in both groups

Question 35

Odds ratio > 1

Answer 35

event is more likely in the first group

Question 36

odds ratio < 1

Answer 36

event is less likely in the first group

Question 37

risk factor relevence

Answer 37

provides insights into prevention and intervention options