3A Neuro > Epilepsy > Flashcards

Epilepsy Flashcards

(49 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

define epilspesy

A

recurrent idiopathic tendency to have seizures

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2
Q

causes of epilepsy

A

VITAMIN DE
Vascular
Infective
Trauma
Autoimmune
Mineral
Idiopathic
Neoplasm
Drugs
Eclampsia

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3
Q

congenital RF for epilepsy

A

neurofibromatosis
tuberous sclerosis
cerebral palsy

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4
Q

acquired RF for epilspesy

A

meningoencephalitis
febrile convulsions

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5
Q

other RF for epilepsy

A

dementia

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6
Q

what are things that decrease seizure threshold

A

hypogylcaemia
alcohol
stress
meds

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7
Q

which meds decrease seizure threshold

A

TCA’s
lithium
ciprofloxacin
AEP non adherence
antipsychoticss

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8
Q

what occurs pre seizure

A

aura
prodrome

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9
Q

what can occur during seizure

A

tongue biting
incontinence
LOC

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10
Q

what can occur post seizure

A

weakness
confusion
amnesia

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11
Q

two main types of seizures

A

generalised and focal

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12
Q

where are focal aware seizures

A

only affects 1 hemisphere
no brainstem involved

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13
Q

where are focal unaware seizures

A

only affects 1 hemisphere
brainstem is involved

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14
Q

where are generalised seizures

A

affects both hemispheres + brainstem

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15
Q

how do focal seizures sx present

A

based on focal neurology

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16
Q

mc type of focal seizure

A

temporal
- todds paralysis
- visual aura
- automatisms

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17
Q

frontal focal seizure sxx

A

motor sx
jacksonian march
bizarre behaviour

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18
Q

parietal focal seizure sx

A

vague numbnesss
tingling

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19
Q

occipital focal seizure sx

A

visual hallucinations
blindness

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20
Q

types of generalised seizures

Study These Flashcards
A
  • tonic clonic
  • absence
  • tonic/atonic
  • myotonic
21
Q

descrive tonic clonic siezures

Study These Flashcards
A

grand mal
- rigid
- fall
- symmetric limb jerking

22
Q

describe absence seizures

Study These Flashcards
A

petit mal
- daydreaming
- vacant spells

23
Q

describe myoclonic seizures

Study These Flashcards
A

brief, shock-like jerks of a muscle or a group of muscles

24
Q

describe tonic seizures

Study These Flashcards
A

seizures in which sudden tension or stiffness may afflict the arms, legs or body.

25
describe myotonic seizures
A seizure with abnormally increased muscle tone (myotonia), usually more localized than tonic.
26
gold standard investigation for epilepsy
EEG especially good for recurrent seizures
27
other investigations for epilepsy
bloods, ECG, LSBP, prolactin+lactate CT head
28
DVLA epilepsy rules if u have LOC
need to be seizure free for 12m before driving
29
DVLA epilepsy rules if First-ever seizure (awake/loss of cons.)
need to be seizure free for 6-12m before driving
30
DVLA epilepsy rules for sleep only seizures
need to be seizure free for 12m before driving
31
DVLA epilepsy rules for Conscious-only, non-functional seizures
need to be seizure free for 12m before driving
32
tx of epilepsy
anti epileptic drugs
33
tx of generalised tonic clonic seizures in male
valproate
34
tx of generalised tonic clonic seizures in female
lamotrigine
35
tx of focal siezures
lamotrigine
36
tx of absence seizures
ethosuximide
37
tx of myoclonic seizures in male
valproate
38
tx of myoclonic seizures in female
levetiracetam
39
complication of epilepsy
status epileptics - back to back seizures or >5min seizure
40
tx of status epileptus
1. IV lorazepam 4mg 2. IV lorazepam 4mg 3. IV phenytonin/sodium valproate/carbamazepine 4. IV Phenobarbital under specialost guidelins +ITU
41
what does lamotrigine increase risk of
steven johnson syndrome
42
causes of non epileptic seizures
CRASH Cardiogenic Reflex (neurological) Artery Insuffiency Systemic Hypoglyciaemia + head eg SOL
43
examples of cardiac causes of seizuresq
arrythmias heart block
44
example of neuro casues of sezires
postural hypotension vasovagal syncope
45
what is brugada syndrome
a rare, genetic heart condition that causes an abnormal, fast heart rhythm, increasing the risk of sudden cardiac arrest and death.
46
what age does brugada affect
30-40
47
Genetic pattern of brugada
autosomal dominant
48
what does brugada lead to
1. psuedo RBBB 2. V1+V2 ST elevation 3. coved ST elevation with T inversion
49
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