EPs & Limits

Question 1

Land immediately

Answer 1

The urgency of landing is paramount. Primary consideration is to assure survival of the occupants. Landing in water, trees, or other unsafe areas should be considered only as a last resort.

Question 2

Land as soon as possible

Answer 2

Land without delay at the nearest adequate site (i.e. open field) at which a safe approach and landing can be made.

Question 3

Land as soon as practicable

Answer 3

The landing site and duration of flight are at the discretion of the pilot. Extended flight beyond the nearest approved landing area where appropriate assistance can be expected is not recommended.

Question 4

Single Engine Emergency Shutdown

Answer 4

Procedure
1. Twist grip (affected engine) – Rotate slowly to IDLE, check indications, then to OFF
2. Rotor speed – Trim to maximum

Question 5

Double Engine Emergency Shutdown

Answer 5

Procedure
- ON GROUND
1. Both Twist grips – OFF
2. Both FUEL PRIME PUMP sw – OFF
3. BAT MSTR sw – OFF

• IN FLIGHT
  1. Both Twist grips – OFF
  If there is an indication that the engines are still running:
  2. Both EMER OFF sw – Press

Question 6

Maximum approved gross mass for flight

Answer 6

3585 kg
7905 lbs

Question 7

Airspeed limits:
a. VNE for OEI operation under all conditions
b. VNE for steady autorotation under all conditions
c. Maximum forward airspeed with hinged doors in open spoiler position and sliding doors open, closed, or removed
d. Maximum rearward flight with hinged doors in open spoiler position and sliding doors closed, open, or removed

Answer 7

a. 110 KIAS
b. 90 KIAS
c. 100 KIAS
d. 15 KIAS

Question 8

Engine Starter Energize Time Limits Onboard Battery Power

Answer 8

30 Seconds - ON
60 Seconds - OFF
30 Seconds - ON
60 Seconds - OFF
30 Seconds - ON

30 Minutes - OFF

Question 9

Engine Starter Energize Time Limits External Power

Answer 9

20 Seconds - ON
60 Seconds - OFF
20 Seconds - ON
60 Seconds - OFF
20 Seconds - ON

30 Minutes - OFF

Question 10

Engine Ventilation Energize Time Limits Onboard Battery

Answer 10

20 Seconds - ON
60 Seconds - OFF
20 Seconds - ON

23 Minutes - OFF

Question 11

Engine Ventilation Energize Time Limits External Power

Answer 11

15 Seconds - ON
60 Seconds - OFF
15 Seconds - ON

23 Minutes - OFF

Question 12

WARNING LIGHT INDICATIONS - FIRE (ENG 1 OR ENG 2)

IN FLIGHT

Answer 12

Procedure: OAF BC ASPL BL
1. OEI flight condition – Establish
2. Airspeed – Reduce if IAS is exceeding 100 kts
3. FIRE sw (affected engine) – Raise guard, press
4. BOT 1/BOT 2 pb – Press; bottle 1 activated;
– EXT indicator light comes on (EMER OFF SW pnl)
5. Clock stop watch – Start (after BOT 1 legend and EXT indicator light go off (EMER OFF SW pnl)
6. Affected engine – Identify
7. Single engine emergency shutdown – Perform
8. Passengers – Alert
9. LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE

If FIRE warning is still on after 1 minute:
10. BOT 1/BOT 2 pb – Press; bottle 2 activated;
– EXT indicator light comes on (EMER OFF SW pnl)

If FIRE warning remains on:
11. LAND IMMEDIATELY

Question 13

WARNING LIGHT INDICATIONS - FIRE (ENG 1 OR ENG 2)

MNEMONIC

Answer 13

OAF BC ASPL BL

Question 14

Description:
FLI:
Time:
TQ:
TOT:

Answer 14

Description: Max. TOT Starting
FLI: 8.5
Time: N/A
TQ: N/A
TOT: 785°

Question 15

Description:
FLI:
Time:
TQ:
TOT:

Answer 15

Description: TOT Starting Transient
FLI: 11
Time: 5 sec
TQ: N/A
TOT: 865C

Question 16

Description:
FLI:
Time:
TQ:
TOT:

Answer 16

Description: TOT Starting Range
FLI: N/A
Time: N/A
TQ: N/A
TOT: N/A

Question 17

Description:
FLI:
Time:
TQ:
TOT:

Answer 17

Description: AEO Takeoff Power Range
FLI: 8.5-10
Time: 5 min
TQ: 71-88
TOT: N/A

Question 18

Description:
FLI:
Time:
TQ:
TOT:

Answer 18

Description: AEO Max Takeoff Power
FLI: 10
Time: 5 min
TQ: 88
TOT: N/A

Question 19

Description:
FLI:
Time:
TQ:
TOT:

Answer 19

Description: AEO Transient
FLI: 10.5
Time: 12 sec
TQ: 97
TOT: N/A

Question 20

Description:
FLI:
Time:
TQ:
TOT:

Answer 20

Description: OEI Max Continuous Power
FLI: 11
Time: N/A
TQ: 91.5
TOT: N/A

Question 21

Description:
FLI:
Time:
TQ:
TOT:

Answer 21

Description: OEI 2.5 Minute Power
FLI: 12
Time: 2.5 min
TQ: 125
TOT: N/A

Question 22

Description:
FLI:
Time:
TQ:
TOT:

Answer 22

Description: OEI Transient
FLI: 14
Time: 12 sec (unintentional)
TQ: 140
TOT: N/A

Question 23

MASTER Caution light

Answer 23

Procedure
1. Caution indication CAD – Check and perform corresponding procedure(s)
2. RESET switch (cyclic stick) – Press

Question 24

Caution indication - ENG CHIP (SYSTEM 1 OR 2)

Answer 24

Procedure

AS OASTL
ON GROUND
1. Affected engine – Identify
2. Single engine emergency shutdown – Perform

IN FLIGHT
1. OEI flight condition – Establish
2. Affected engine – Identify
1. Alternative:
3. Single engine emergency shutdown – Perform
2. Alternative:
4. Twist grip (affected engine) – Rotate slowly to idle, check indications

4. Land as soon as practicable.

Question 25

Caution indication - ENG CHIP (SYSTEM 1 OR 2) *MNEMONIC*

Answer 25

AS OASTL

Question 26

Engine oil pressure Minimum: Caution range: Continuous operation: Maximum continuous: NOTE: Exceeding _____ oil pressure is allowed for transient operation during the start cycle and warm up at _________ only.

Answer 26

Min: 1.3 bar Caution: 1.3 to 1.5 bar Continuous: 1.5 to 5.0 bar Max: 5.0 bar 5.0 bar, ground idle

Question 27

Caution indications - ENG OIL P (SYSTEM 1 OR 2)

Answer 27

Procedure 1. Engine oil pressure – Check **2. OEI flight condition – Establish** **3. Affected engine – Identify** **4. Single engine emergency shutdown – Perform** 5. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE

Question 28

Caution indications - ENG OIL P (SYSTEM 1 OR 2) *MNEMONIC*

Answer 28

EO ASL

Question 29

Engine Oil Temperature limits

Answer 29

-10° C to 115° C

Question 30

Caution - Engine oil temperature high

Answer 30

Procedure **1. OEI flight condition – Establish** **2. Affected engine – Identify** **3. Twist grip (affected engine) – Adjust to 20-30% torque (TWIST GRIP caution indication comes on)** **4. Oil temperature indicator (affected engine) – Monitor** If engine oil temperature decreases below limit: 5. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE If engine oil temperature still remains above limit: **6. Single engine emergency shutdown – Perform** 7. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE

Question 31

Caution - Engine oil temperature high *MNEMONIC*

Answer 31

OATwOLS-L

Question 32

WARNING LIGHT INDICATIONS – LOW FUEL (1 AND/OR 2) Procedure 1. Fuel quantity indication – Check If positive fuel indication in the main tank: 2. Both fuel pump XFER sw (Fwd + Aft) – Check on 3. Both fuel pump XFER circuit breakers (Fwd + Aft) – Check in If **both** FUEL LOW warning lights remain on: **4.** If **one** FUEL LOW warning light remains on: **4.**

Answer 32

**4. LAND WITHIN 10 minutes** **4. Expect single engine failure**

Question 33

Single engine failure - takeoff *REJECTED TAKEOFF*

Answer 33

Procedure: *CroL CAS* **1. Collective lever – Adjust to maintain rotor RPM** **2. Landing attitude – Establish** **3. Collective lever – Raise as necessary to stop descent and cushion landing** After landing: **4. Affected engine – Identify** **5. Single engine emergency shutdown – Perform**

Question 34

Single engine failure - takeoff *REJECTED TAKEOFF* *MNEMONIC*

Answer 34

CroL CAS

Question 35

Single engine failure - takeoff *TRANSITION TO OEI - FLIGHT*

Answer 35

Procedure: *CroC RAC ASL* **1. Collective lever – Adjust to maintain rotor RPM** **2. Collective lever – Adjust to OEI-limits or below** **3. Rotor speed – Trim to maximum** **4. Airspeed – Gain, 65 KIAS (VY)** After reaching safe altitude: **5. Collective lever – Reduce to OEI MCP or below** **6. Affected engine – Identify** **7. Single engine emergency shutdown – Perform** 8. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE

Question 36

Single engine failure - takeoff *TRANSITION TO OEI - FLIGHT* *MNEMONIC*

Answer 36

CroC RAC ASL

Question 37

Main transmission oil pressure Minimum: Caution range: Continuous operation: Maximum: NOTE: XMSN OIL PRESS warning light illumination is ________in the range from _________ during the pressure build-up phase.

Answer 37

Min: 1.0 bar Caution: 1.0 bar - 1.5 bar Cont.: 1.5 bar - 5.0 bar Max: 5.0 bar Acceptable, 1.0 to 1.4 bar

Question 38

Which has a higher minimum oil pressure, the engines or transmission? What are the minimums?

Answer 38

Engines Engines: 1.3 bar Transmission: 1.0 bar

Question 39

WARNING LIGHT INDICATIONS - XMSN OIL PRESS

Answer 39

Procedure If one XMSN oil pressure indication is below 1.0 bar: **1. Power – Reduce** 2. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE If both indications are below 1.0 bar: **3. LAND IMMEDIATELY** NOTE Descend with minimum power

Question 40

WARNING LIGHT INDICATIONS - XMSN OIL PRESS *MNEMONIC*

Answer 40

PLL

Question 41

Main transmission oil temperature limits

Answer 41

–10°C to 105°C

Question 42

CAUTION INDICATIONS - XMSN OIL T

Answer 42

Procedure **1. XMSN oil temperature and oil pressure indication – Check indication** If indications are within limits: 2. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE If indications are above limit: **2. Power – Reduce, as much as possible** If oil temperature indication remains above limit: **3. LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE**

Question 43

CAUTION INDICATIONS - XMSN OIL T *MNEMONIC*

Answer 43

XL PL

Question 44

Single engine failure - hover IGE

Answer 44

Procedure: *CoeiL CAS* **1. Collective lever – Adjust to OEI limits or below** **2. Landing attitude – Establish** **3. Collective lever – Raise as necessary to stop descent and cushion landing** After landing: **4. Affected engine – Identify** **5. Single engine emergency shutdown – Perform**

Question 45

Single engine failure - hover IGE *MNEMONIC*

Answer 45

CoeiL CAS

Question 46

Single engine failure - flight

Answer 46

Procedure: *ORASL* **1. OEI flight condition – Establish** **2. Rotor speed – Trim to maximum** **3. Affected engine – Identify** **4. Single engine emergency shutdown – Perform** 5. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE

Question 47

Single engine failure - flight *MNEMONIC*

Answer 47

ORASL

Question 48

Rotor RPM Limitations, Power On 1. Min Transient (max ___ sec): 2. Min Cont. <2000kg: 3. Min Cont. >2000kg: 4. Max Cont.: 5. Partial power (max ___ min): 6. Max Transient (max ___ sec):

Answer 48

1. (max 20 sec) 85% 2. 96% 3. 96% 4. 104% 5. (Max 5 min) 106% 6. (Max 12 sec) 106%

Question 49

Rotor RPM Limitations, Power Off 1. Min Transient (max ___ sec): 2. Min Cont. <2000kg: 3. Min Cont. >2000kg: 4. Max Cont.: 5. Partial power (max ___ min): 6. Max Transient (max ___ sec):

Answer 49

1. (max 20 sec) N/A 2. 80% 3. 85% 4. 104% 5. (Max 5 min) 106% 6. (Max 12 sec) 110%

Question 50

WARNING LIGHT INDICATIONS - ROTOR RPM *Conditions/Indications* NRO low – NRO ___% or less - – Audio signal - NRO high – NRO ___% or above - – Audio signal at ___% or above - *Procedure* NRO low/NRO high 1. Rotor RPM indicator – 2. Collective lever –

Answer 50

NRO low – 95%, Steady Light – Low-pitch beeping tone NRO high – 106%, flashing light and warning gong – 110%, flashing light and steady high-pitch tone 1. Check **2. Adjust as necessary to maintain NRO within normal range**

Question 51

Autorotation Procedure **1.** **2.** NOTE Maximum range airspeed: ___ KIAS Minimum rate-of-descent airspeed: ___ KIAS **3.** AT APPROXIMATELY ___ FT AGL: 4. Flare attitude – Establish (approx. ___ to ___) to reduce forward speed and rate of descent; control NRO AT APPROXIMATELY ___ to ___ FT AGL: 5. Flare attitude – 6. Heading – Maintain 7. Collective lever – **8.**

Answer 51

Procedure: *CAD+B* **1. Collective lever – Reduce to maintain NRO within limits** **2. Airspeed – 75 KIAS recommended** NOTE Maximum range airspeed: 90 KIAS Minimum rate-of-descent airspeed: 60 KIAS **3. Double engine emergency shutdown – Perform** - 100 FT AGL 4. 15° to 20° - 8ft to 12ft 5. Reduce to approx. 7° 7. Raise to stop descent and cushion landing **8. BAT MSTR sw – OFF**

Question 52

Autorotation *MNEMONIC*

Answer 52

CAD+B

Question 53

Rotor starting and stopping in high wind Starting and stopping the rotor is authorized in up to max. ________ wind from ________ horizontal directions.

Answer 53

50 kts All

Question 54

GEN OVHT (SYS1 or 2) *Conditions/Indications* Temperature of generator high. *Procedure* 1. Affected GEN sw – CAUTION: IF GEN OVHT CAUTION INDICATION REMAINS ________ AND IF THERE ARE INDICATIONS OF A FIRE SUCH AS BURNING ________ OR ________, ________. If GEN OVHT caution indication remains on for more than ________: **2.** **3.** **4.** 5. LAND AS SOON AS ________

Answer 54

1. OFF - On, odor, smoke, shut down the affected engine. - 1 minute **2. OEI flight condition – Establish** **3. Affected engine – Identify** **4. Single engine emergency shutdown – Perform** 5. Practicable

Question 55

GEN OVHT (SYS1 or 2) *MNEMONIC*

Answer 55

OAS

Question 56

Compressor stall *Conditions/Indications* – ________ sounds – Torque and N1 indications may ________ – TOT may ________ – Slight yaw ________ *Procedure* **1.** **2.** **3.** If compressor stall returns: **4.** **5.** 6. LAND AS SOON AS ________

Answer 56

*Conditions/Indications* – Popping – Decrease – Increase – Jerk **1. Collective lever – Lower** **2. Engine instruments – Monitor** **3. Collective lever – Raise slowly** **4. Affected engine – Identify (TOT)** **5. Single engine emergency shutdown – Perform** 6. Practicable

Question 57

Compressor Stall *MNEMONIC*

Answer 57

CE CAS

Question 58

Concerning flight with doors open, half open, or removed: a. Max. crosswind speed for flight is: b. Sideslip is limited to c. All occupants, including the flight crew, must keep their ________ or being secured in another manner.

Answer 58

a. 30 kts b. ± 1 ball c. Seat belts fastened

Question 59

A red warning light on the warning coming on together with a gong signal or dedicated audio signal indicates:

Answer 59

An emergency condition requiring immediate corrective action.

Question 60

A caution indication on the CAD and two yellow master caution lights on the instrument panel indicate:

Answer 60

Malfunction or failure conditions which do not require immediate crew action but the possible need for future corrective action

Question 61

Engine overspeed – governor failure

Answer 61

Procedure: *CV NATL* **1. Collective lever – Raise as necessary to maintain N2 and NRO within limits** **2. VAR NR system NORM/MAN sw – Check MAN** **3. N2 TRIM sw – Try to trim NRO to 101% with matched torque** If step 3. is not possible: **4. Affected engine – Identify** **5. Twist grip (affected engine) – Rotate towards IDLE until N2 and NRO stabilize in normal range and FLI needles match** 6. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE.

Question 62

Engine overspeed – governor failure *MNEMONIC*

Answer 62

CV NATL

Question 63

Engine underspeed – governor failure

Answer 63

Procedure: *OBVANTLS* **1. OEI flight condition – Establish** **2. Bleed air consumers – Off** **3. VAR NR system NORM/MAN pb – Check MAN** **4. Affected engine – Identify** **5. N2 TRIM sw – Compensate N2/NRO drop and try to match torque** If torque match is not possible: **6. Twist grip (affected engine) – Release stop plate and rotate towards FLIGHT until N2 and NRO stabilize in normal range and FLI needles match** 7. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE If no residual torque (affected engine) is available: **8. Single engine emergency shutdown – Perform**

Question 64

Engine underspeed – governor failure *MNEMONIC*

Answer 64

OBVANTLS

Question 65

Tail Rotor Failure - Forward Flight

Answer 65

Procedure: *CASSAL-AAA* **1. Collective lever – Reduce to obtain minimum sideslip angle** **2. Airspeed – Maintain 70 KIAS or higher** 3. Suitable landing area – Select (Hard/Flat/Left crosswind) **4. Shallow approach with nose left – Perform** If the airspeed can be reduced below 40 kts with the nose still pointing to the left: **5. Airspeed – Reduce close to the ground until nose is aligned with the flight direction** **6. Landing – Perform** If the nose direction changes from left to right at airspeeds higher than 40 kts: **5. Airspeed – Increase** **6. Approach – Abort, climb to sufficient height for autorotation** **7. Autorotation – Perform**

Question 66

Tail Rotor Failure - Forward Flight *MNEMONIC*

Answer 66

CASSAL-AAA

Question 67

Single engine failure - hover OGE *FORCED LANDING*

Answer 67

Procedure: *CAL CAS* **1. Collective lever – Adjust to maintain rotor RPM** **2. Airspeed – Increase if possible** **3. Landing attitude – Establish** **4. Collective lever – Raise as necessary to stop descent and cushion landing** After landing: **5. Affected engine – Identify** **6. Single engine emergency shutdown – Perform**

Question 68

Single engine failure - hover OGE *FORCED LANDING* *MNEMONIC*

Answer 68

CAL CAS

Question 69

Single engine failure - hover OGE *TRANSITION TO OEI FLIGHT*

Answer 69

Procedure: *CAC RAC ASL* **1. Collective lever – Adjust to maintain rotor RPM** **2. Airspeed – Increase if possible** **3. Collective lever – Adjust to OEI-limits or below** **4. Rotor speed – Trim to maximum** **5. Airspeed – Gain, 65 KIAS (VY)** After reaching safe altitude: **6. Collective lever – Reduce to OEI MCP or below** **7. Affected engine – Identify** **8. Single engine emergency shutdown – Perform** 9. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE

Question 70

Single engine failure - hover OGE *TRANSITION TO OEI FLIGHT* *MNEMONIC*

Answer 70

CAC RAC ASL

Question 71

What are the slope limitations for the following? a. Ground sloping down to the left: b. Ground sloping down to the right: c. Ground sloping nose up: d. Ground sloping nose down:

Answer 71

a. max 11° b. max 6° c. max 8° d. max 8°

Question 72

Tail rotor drive failure - hover IGE Procedure **1. ** **2. ** **3. ** After landing: **4. **

Answer 72

Procedure **1. Both Twist grips – Rotate to IDLE** and simultaneously: **2. Landing attitude – Establish** **3. Collective lever – Apply as necessary** After landing: **4. Double engine emergency shutdown – Perform**

Question 73

Tail rotor drive failure - hover IGE *MNEMONIC*

Answer 73

BLC-D

Question 74

Double Engine Failure - Flight

Answer 74

Procedure **Autorotation – Perform**

Question 75

What is MCP for AEO?

Answer 75

FLI: 8.5 TQ: 71%

Question 76

Airspeed is limited to ___ kts when above 71% TQ for AEO.

Answer 76

65 kts

Question 77

Airspeed is limited to ___ kts when above 91.5% TQ for OEI.

Answer 77

65 kts

Question 78

Maximum operating altitude

Answer 78

18,000 ft PA

Question 79

Flights with closed NACA inlets under extreme smoke or smog are limited to __________ to prevent avionics overheating.

Answer 79

30 minutes