Ethics

Question 1

What must psychologists consider when conducting research?
Ethical issues that participants could face during the research that can affect them in many ways.

Answer 1

Ethical issues that participants could face during the research that can affect them in many ways.

Question 2

What areas can ethical issues affect participants?

Answer 2

Psychological, physical, and emotional aspects.

Question 3

What arises when there is a conflict or dilemma between participants’ rights and research benefits?

What is Informed Consent?
Participants give permission to take part in the study after being informed of the true aims of the research, as well as being given the right to withdraw.

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Answer 3

Ethical issues.

Question 4

What is Deception in research?

Answer 4

Deception is when participants are not told the true AIM of the study deliberately, to prevent participants from showing demand characteristics.

Question 5

What is Informed Consent?

Answer 5

Participants give permission to take part in the study after being informed of the true aims of the research, as well as being given the right to withdraw.

Question 6

How should participants be protected in research?

Answer 6

Participants should be protected psychologically and physically. They must not be placed at more risk than they would be in everyday life

Question 7

What is the Protection from Harm principle

Answer 7

Participants should not be subjected to any form of harm beyond what they would encounter in their everyday lives, ensuring their well-being during the research.

Question 8

What is Confidentiality?

Answer 8

Ensuring participants’ details and data (findings) remain anonymous so they cannot be identified in the research. This can involve using fake names or initials

Question 9

What is a Debrief?

Answer 9

A post-research interview where the participant is told the true aims of the research and full details of the study are given, including knowledge of any other experimental groups

Question 10

What are the methods for gaining consent from minors?

Answer 10

1. Presumptive Consent: Gaining consent from a similar set of participants who won’t actually be doing the study.
   2. Prior Informed Consent: Getting general consent from participants of things that ‘could’ happen, providing a broad/vague overview.
   3. Parental Consent: Gained from parents when participants are too young to give consent (under 16).

Question 11

What should participants be reminded of regarding their behavior?

Answer 11

Participants should be reminded that their behavior is typical/normal of the general public.

Question 12

What is the Right to Withdraw?

Answer 12

Participants should be offered the right to withdraw at any point during or after the research has taken place.

Question 13

How can researchers deal with ethical issues?

Answer 13

By following the British Psychological Society’s ethical guidelines, which, while not legally binding, can lead to job loss if not followed.

Question 14

What is the importance of Debriefing?

Answer 14

: It reassures participants that their behavior is normal and offers counseling to those who may feel embarrassed or stressed as a result of the procedures used in the research.

Question 15

What happens if consent wasn’t gained from participants?

Answer 15

A debrief should be given, and participants can give retrospective consent. They may wish to withdraw their data if they do not consent.