eukaryotes

Question 1

cells with membrane

Answer 1

enclosed compartments called organelles which each have a specific function

Question 2

eukaryotic cells

Answer 2

protists ,plants, fungi, animals

Question 3

characteristics of eukaryotic cells

Answer 3

• 10-100pu
• two or more linear DNA molecules confined to a nucleus
• ribosomes attached to membranes and free in cytoplasm
• some have cell wall

Question 4

enclosed compartments

Answer 4

allow chemicals to be concentrated and chemical reactions to proceed more3 efficiently

Question 5

how did eukaryotic cells arise from ancient prokaryotic cells

Answer 5

1. loss of cell wall
2. development of cytoskeleton
3. origin of a nuclear envelope
4. ribosomes became associated with internal membranes
5. formation of digestive vesicles (lysosomes0

Question 6

flexible cell surface

Answer 6

• allows for infolding of plasma membrane creates more surface area

Question 7

cytoskeleton

Answer 7

proteins have simple cytoskeletons made of proteins

Question 8

what do cytoskeletons do for eukaryotes ?

Answer 8

• provide cell support
• allow changes in support
  -move materials around the cell

Question 9

endomembrane system

Answer 9

• plasma membrane
• vesicles
• nucleus
• endoplasmic reticulum
• Golgi apparatus
• lysosomes

Question 10

nuclear envelope

Answer 10

• in prokaryotes , dna is attached to the plasma membrane

Question 11

nucleus

Answer 11

usually the largest organelle
- contains most of cells dna
- packaged with chromatin to form chromosomes

Question 12

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 12

the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope folds outward into the c cytoplasm and is continuous with the e3n do plasmic reticulum

Question 13

rough er

Answer 13

studded with ribosomes that produce secretory , lysosomes and membrane proteins

Question 14

smooth er

Answer 14

synthesize lipids and steroids

Question 15

Golgi apparatus

Answer 15

modifies and packag4es rer proteins
- ships proteins to correct address

Question 16

digestive vasculoes

Answer 16

the ability to engulf and digest other cells in digestive vacuoles was an important step

Question 17

lysosomes

Answer 17

• small membranous sacs
• produced by Golgi apparatus
• contain digestive enzymes

Question 18

mitochondria

Answer 18

• found in all eukaryotic cells
• sites of cellular respiration
• contain ribosomes and their own dna (mana)

Question 19

chloroplasts

Answer 19

• sites of photosynthesis
• contain ribosomes and their own dna
• found only in plant and algae protists celll

Question 20

what are the different types of reproduction in eukaryotes

Answer 20

• asexual
• conjugation
• sexual reproduction

Question 21

cell division

Answer 21

mitosis + cytokinesis

Question 22

multiple fission

Answer 22

• splitting of one multi nucleat3e cell into many cells

Question 23

budding

Answer 23

outgrowth of new cell from surface of an old one

Question 24

asexual spre

Answer 24

specialized cells that develop into new organism

Question 25

conjugation

Answer 25

sexual process involving exchange of genetic material without reproduction, carried out by paramecium

Question 26

sexual reproduction

Answer 26

involves production of gametes by meiosis

Question 27

diplontic life cycle

Answer 27

diploid , multicellular organism undergoes meiosis

Question 28

haplontic life cycle

Answer 28

haploid , multicellular organism undergoes mitosis to produce unicellular haploid gametes

Question 29

dipolo multicellular spore

Answer 29

producing organism alternates with a haploid , multicellular gamete producing organism ( gametophyte)