Evidence for Evolution

Question 1

what is Evolution basic definition ?

Answer 1

descent with modification; change in population allele frequencies

Question 2

what is homology?

Answer 2

having similarities due to common ancestry (same origin) but difference in function

Question 3

what is Analogy?

Answer 3

same function but different origin

Question 4

what are the 3 modes of evolution that science evidence supports ?

Answer 4

1. Microevolution
2. Speciation
3. Macroevolution

Question 5

what is microevolution?

Answer 5

small evolutionary changes within species or population

Question 6

what is speciation?

Answer 6

where lineages split and diverge into two or more descendent or daughter species

Question 7

what is macroevolution ?

Answer 7

a larger phenotypic change where an organism can be placed in a higher taxon

Question 8

what are 9 evidences of evolution ?

Answer 8

1. Selective Breeding
2. Vestigial structure and organs
3. lab experiments
4. Evidence from natural population (stages of speciation
5. The fossil record
6. transitional forms
7. Homology
8. The age of earth
9. correspondence among scientific data sets

Question 9

what is a species ?

Answer 9

a group of interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other groups

Question 10

what is paleontology and who was the first person to document extinction?

Answer 10

the study of fossils and prehistoric life and george cuvier

Question 11

what is the law of succession ?

Answer 11

fossils in a certain geographic region are more closely related to the species that are currently living (extant fauna) in that region than they are to organism in a different geographic region

Question 12

what is phylogenetics ?

Answer 12

the study of ancestors/descendent relationships

Question 13

what is phylogeny ?

Answer 13

a HYPOTHESIS of ancestor/descendent relationships

Question 14

why is homology an evidence for evolution?

Answer 14

through the study of anatomy, embryology, physiology and genetics it reveals similarities that provide evidence for descent with modification

Question 15

how is structural homology evidence ?

Answer 15

in plants and mammals there is common bone and plant structure seen in most organisms

Question 16

how is developmental homology evidence ?

Answer 16

across organisms not solely just mammals they have similar growth phases and looks

Question 17

how is genetic homology evidence ?

Answer 17

all organisms share a universal genetic code. similarity in pseudogenes and genetic machinery

Question 18

what is an example of analogy and why

Answer 18

killer whale and a shark as they have powerful tails short fins or flippers but one is a fish and the other is a mammal (whale)

Question 19

what is the principle of superposition?

Answer 19

younger geological layers sit on top of older ones

Question 20

what is the principle of original horizontality ?

Answer 20

lava and sedimentary rocks were originally laid down in a horizontal positions

Question 21

what is the principle of cross cutting relationship?

Answer 21

rocks that intrude into other rocks are younger than their host rocks

Question 22

what is the principle of inclusions ?

Answer 22

boulders or other fragments found in a body of a rock are older than their host rocks

Question 23

what is the principle of faunal succession?

Answer 23

recent fossils are more similar to existing life forms than older fossils

Question 24

how old is the earth and how long has life been on earth ?

Answer 24

the earth is 4.6 billion years old and life has been here for 3.2 billion years

Question 25

what is radiometric dating ?

Answer 25

the usage of decaying isotopes of elements for determining a rocks age

Question 26

what are 5 types of radiometric dating and their dating range ?

Answer 26

1. rubidium-stronitum ; 10 mil-4.6 bill 2.uranium-lead ; 10 mil- 4.6 bill 3. Thorium-lead ; 10 mil- 4.6 bil 4. potassium argon ; 100,000-4.6 bill 5. carbon-14 ; 100-100,000

Question 27

what are the 3 steps to do radiometric dating ?

Answer 27

1. a half life of an isotope is determined by decaying, 2.the ratio of the parents to daughter is measured 3. calculation of time elapsed since the rock formed

Question 28

what 4 categories is the calendar divided into

Answer 28

1. Eons , Eras , Periods and Epochs

Question 29

why can transitional forms be used as evidence ; example?

Answer 29

the archaeopteryx a bird like dino is a descendant from the dinosaurs that leads to the modern bird and the transitional turtle its descendants had ribs that follow its body wall but turtles have ribs that ignore the wall creating a shell which is evolutionary

Question 30

why can evidence from natural populations be used to back evolution; examples ?

Answer 30

within the stickle back species theyve experienced speciation due to variation in their gill raker length in different geological areas that causes the two daughter population in japan to independently reproduce which by definition is a new species .