Evolution

Question 1

Why was Darwin’s theory only gradually accepted

Answer 1

At the time scientists didn’t think he had enough evidence to back his theory

Question 2

What did Lamarck suggest

Answer 2

When a characteristic is regularly used it becomes more developed
= this strength and characteristic is then passed on to offspring

Question 3

Problem with Lamarck’s idea

Answer 3

Changes that occur in an organism lifetime can’t be passed on to offspring

Question 4

Darwins theory

Answer 4

Theory of evolution through natural selection

Question 5

Describe his theory of natural selection

Answer 5

• Within a species, there is a wide range of genetic variation
• Individuals with characteristics most suited to environment
  = more likely to survive to breed successfully

Question 6

How do new species form

Answer 6

• one place where species interbreed
• any beneficial mutation spreads through whole population
• geographical barrier takes place
• separates two populations
  = no interbreeding
• over time natural selection will favour different alleles

Question 7

Mendel’s concept

Answer 7

Characteristics aren’t blended during inheritance
= Characteristics are determined by inherited units
= These units do not change when passed onto descendants
= units called genes

Question 8

Define a fossil

Answer 8

Remains of organisms from millions of years ago, which are found in rocks

Question 9

How can fossils form

Answer 9

• when parts of organisms haven’t decayed
• if parts of organism slowly replaced by minerals during decay process
• can be the preserved traces of organisms

Question 10

Problem with fossils

Answer 10

Many of the earliest forms of life with soft- bodied organisms
= very rarely form fossils
= many fossils that did form have been destroyed by changes to rocks in earths crust
= can’t be certain of how life on earth began

Question 11

Reasons for extinction

Answer 11

• due to a catastrophic event
• environment changes
• new disease or predators eats all species

Question 12

Uses of antibiotics

Answer 12

• medicine
• killing bacteria
• farming to prevent animals from developing bacterial diseases

Question 13

How does antibiotic resistance happen

Answer 13

• mutations

Question 14

How to reduce anti biotic bacteria

Answer 14

• Doctors should not prescribe antibiotics inappropriately
• Patients should make certain to complete the course of antibiotics
• Restrict the use of antibiotics in farming

Question 15

Problems with making new antibiotics

Answer 15

• extremely expensive
• takes a long time

Question 16

List the categories of the kingdoms

Answer 16

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 17

List the binomial names

Answer 17

Animal
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Ursridae
Urus
Maritimus

Question 18

Dis of selective breeding

Answer 18

Reduces gene pool of population
= less variation
Lead to inbreeding
= offspring prone to health conditions

Question 19

Describe genetic engineering

Answer 19

• take gene that has desirable characteristic and transfer into organisms so it contains same trait

Question 20

Problems of genetic engineering

Answer 20

Don’t know impacts on persons health
Could make way into wild and compete with local plants