evolution by natural selection

Question 1

Catastrophism

Answer 1

the earth has been shaped by catastrophic events that also cause extinctions

Question 2

evolution by ‘transformation’

Answer 2

Lamarck

• species never become extinct
• over time they become new species
• offspring inherit characters aquired by their parents

Question 3

the ‘struggle for survival’

Answer 3

• individuals with advantageous variaions would do better in the struggle for survival
• these individuals would produce more offspring

Question 4

‘descent with modification’

Answer 4

-offspring share some of their parents features
- advantageous variations would automaticallly increase in the populaton between generations
- lineages would change over time - different from ancestors
- organisms well suited or ‘aapted’ for their environment
a continous process with no ‘end point’

Question 5

Darwins theory

Answer 5

• evolution like ‘bush’ not a ‘ladder’
• ‘common descent’ of species
• explains evolution and adaptaion

Question 6

Neo-Darwin synthesis

Answer 6

(or the modern synthesis)

• advantageous variations inherited genetically
• recombination and mutation provides the variation for selection to work on

Question 7

maladaptive

Answer 7

having a inadequate adaptation
does more harm than help

(remember mal = bad in spanish ‘bad’ adaptation)

Question 8

natural selection

Answer 8

“the different reproductive sucsess of different phenotypes”

Question 9

adaptation

Answer 9

a trait that enables an orgnism to survive and reproduce better than if it lacked the trait

Question 10

fitness

Answer 10

quantitative representation of individual reproductive success