the change in populations over generations due to inherited traits
evolution
the process by which humans intentionally breed plants or animals to have desirable traits
artificial selection
an organisms ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment
fitness
where over evolution organisms change to survive in the environment they are in.
natural selection
body parts from a different species that share from a common ancestor
homologous structures
biological features in different species that serve similar functions but evolved independently
analogous structures
the stock of different genes in an interbreeding population.
gene pool
the relative occurrence of a specific gene variant within a population
allele frequency
a type of natural selection where one extreme phenotype is favored over others, causing it to shift overtime.
directional selection
A type of natural selection that favors intermediate phenotypes over extreme variations
stabilizing selection
a type a of natural selection that favors extreme phenotypes over the intermediate ones.
disruptive selection
a mode of natural selection where mates typically compete for mates
sexual selection
the evolutional process whereby an ancestral population splits into two, creating a new species.
speciation
the rapid, divergent evolution of multiple species from a single common ancestor, driven by adaptation.
adaptive radiation
Major event that lead to evolution of modern humans:
-Bipedalism
-Tool Use
-Expansion of Brain Size
-Control of fire
-Change in diet (Jaw Size)
unrelated organisms independently develop similar traits, body forms, or functions
convergent evolution
related species evolve different traits, often due to environment pressures.
divergent evolution
Criteria for natural selection:
- Variation in traits
- Inheiritance of those traits
- Struggle for existence (Fitness)
- Time
What is the process by which a single species or small group of species evolves into several different forms that live in different ways?
A) Habitat Speciation
B) Adaptive Radiation
C) Coevolution
D) Selective Speciation
B) Adaptive Radiation
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for natural selection?
A) Reproductive Isolation
B) Homologous Structures
C) Selection
D) overproduction of offspring
A) Reproductive Isolation
