Average Daily urine output volume
1200 mL
Major organic solute present in urine; what is it and where is it produced?
urea, produced in the liver
What 2 substances can be measured in a liquid to determine if it is urine?
urea and creatinine
a decrease in urine output?
oliguria
what is the ref range for oliguria ?
infants: <1 mL/kg/h, children: <0.5 mL/kg/h, adults: <400 mL/day
increased urine excretion at night
nocturia
> 2.5 L/day in adults and >2.5 to 3 mL/kg/day in
children (high output)
polyuria
cessation of urine flow (no output)
anuria
painful urination
dysuria
in diabetes mellitus polydipsia and polyuria is caused by what?
caused by high blood glucose → osmotic diuresis.
in diabetes insipidus polydipsia and polyuria is caused by what?
lack of ADH or renal response to ADH
is diabetes mellitus specific gravity in urine is high or low?
high
is diabetes insidious specific gravity is high or low?
low
optimal test time from collection
2 hours
Turbidity in a urine specimen: likely cause
bacterial growth
group of
diseases that affect how the
body uses glucose
diabetes mellitus
body can’t
balance fluid levels
diabetes insipidus
in a unpreserved urine what happens to the pH? what is the cause?
increases, urea turns into ammonia, produces bacteria
in an unpreserved urine what happens to the glucose level? why?
decrease; glycolysis; bacteria use glucose
in a unpreserved urine what happens to bilirubin? why?
decreases; exposed to light
in an unpreserved urine what happens to bacteria? why?
increased; multiplication
in a unpreserved urine what happens to RBCs, WBCs, and casts ? why?
they dissolve or lyse due to an alkaline urine; increased pH
what is the preferred type of preservation for a urine specimen ?
refrigerate (2-8C)
what is the disadvantages of having a urine put in the refrigerator ?
can cause crystals; Precipitatesamorphous
phosphates and urates
