402 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

(104 cards)

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1
Q

Warfarin Action

A

blood thinner, prevention of PE

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2
Q

Warfarin AE

A

Heorrhage, toxicity (overdose)

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3
Q

Warfarin Contradications and Precautions

A

teratogenic, vitamin K deficiency, liver disease, alcohol use, HTN, hepatic or renal disease

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4
Q

Warfarin Interactions

A

other blood thinners, interacts with many drugs, excessive foods with high vitamin K can decrease effects

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5
Q

Heparin Use

A

blood thinner, prevention of MI, PE, clots

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6
Q

Heparin AE

A

hemorrhage, low platelet count (thrombocytopenia), Neuro injury, allergy

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7
Q

Heparin Contradicitons and precautions

A

thmrobocytopneia, uncontrollable bleeding, surgeyr involving brain, eyes, or spinal cord, threatened abortion

Hemophillia, increased capillary permeability, severe HTN, hepatic or renal disease

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8
Q

Heparin interactions

A

NSAID, Asprin, etc increase bleeding risk,
protamine can reverse heparin activity (antidote)
Herbs can increase bleeding risk

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9
Q

Diazepam Use

A

anxiety, muscle spasms, seizures (status epilepticus), alcohol withdrawal symptoms, induction of anesthesia

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10
Q

Diazepam AE

A

hypotension, tachycardia, resp depression, dependence, overdose, life-threatening sedation for kids
withdrawal mainfestations

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11
Q

Diazepam Contradicitions and Precautions

A

teratogenic, glaucoma, coma, shock., neonates, children, renal or hepatic impairment, mental health disorders, resp problems, neuromuscular disorders

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12
Q

Diazepam Interactions

A

risk of resp depression and sedation increases with other CNS depressants
Smoking decreases effects
cimetidine increases drug levels

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13
Q

midazolam Effects

A

sedation before anesthesia

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14
Q

midazolam AE

A

amnesia (memory loss), cardiac or respiratory support

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15
Q

midazolam contradictions and precautions

A

teratogens, obstetric delivery, glaucoma, cardia, renal or pulmonary disorders, neuromuscular disorders

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16
Q

midazolam interactions

A

CNS depressants, anticonvulsants and increase sedation effect
Cimetidine may cause midazolam toxicity
herbal products can affect

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17
Q

fentanyl use

A

used with anesthesia, pain relief, skeletal muscle relaxant

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18
Q

Fentanyl AE

A

sedation, nausea, respiratory/ circulatory depression

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19
Q

Fentanyl Contradictions and Precautions

A

substance use disorder, obstetric delivery, intracranial pressure, older adults or younger children, cardiac/resp/ liver/ kidney disorders

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20
Q

Fentanyl Interactions

A

MAOI antideppressants given within 2 weeks of fentanyl can cause HTN crisis
CNS deppressantscan increase risk for sedation or resp depression

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21
Q

nitroglycerin Use

A

Tx for angina, to control BP and to tx heart failure after acute MI
Short term to tx
Long term to prevent
Widens blood vessels

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22
Q

Nitroglycerin AE

A

headache, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, tolerance develops quickly

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23
Q

Nitroglycerin Contradictions and Precautions

A

allergy, pregnancy, increased intracranial pressure, severe anemia, pericardial tamponade, uncorrected hypovolemia

head trauma, glaucoma, cardiomyopathy, liver disease, early MI

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24
Q

Nitroglycerin Interactions

A

hypotension can be increased with other meds, anti cholinergic meds can decrease nitro absorption

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25
enoxaparin use
blood thinner, anticoagulation for cerebrovascular accidents, PE, DVT, therapy during heart surgery, hemodialysis or blood transufison
26
enoxoparin AE
hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia, allergies, neuro injury
27
enoxaparin contradicitons and precautions
uncontrollable bleeding, thrombocytopenia, during surgery involving brain, eyes, spinal cord threatend abortion hemophillia, increased capillary permeability, peptic ulcer disease, severe HTN, hepatic or renal diseae
28
enoxaparin interactions
NSAIDs, aspirin can increase bleeding risk, IV nitro can decrease anticoagulation, protamine reverese haparin activity Herbs can increase bleeding risk
29
Aspirin/ibuprofen (COX-/2 Inhibitors) use
inflammation suppression, for pain, fever reduction, dysmenorrhea, inhibits blood clots (aspirin)
30
Aspirin AE
gastric upset, gastric ulceration, bleeding, kidney dysfunction, toxicity, Reyes syndrome, thromboembolitic events
31
Aspirin contradictions and precautions
teratogenic, peptic ulcer disease, bleeding disorders, children with flu/chickenpox, discontinue within week of surgery older adults, ciagrettes, alcohol use, H. pylori infection, heart failure, HTN, asthma, kidney problems
32
Aspirin Interactions
anticoagulants, glucocorticoids, and alcohol increase bleeding risk, ibuprofen decreases antiplatelet effects of aspirin ACE inhibitors increase risk of kidney problems
33
Methotrexate Use
cancer, acute leukemia, lymphomas, choriocarcinoma (uterine cancer associated with pregnancy) cancer of the head, neck, pelvis TX or rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis
34
Methotrexate AE
Bone marrow suppresion (decreased platelets, WBC, RBC) oral and GI ulcers Liver damage pulmonary fibrosis
35
Methotrexate Precautions and Contradictions
Active Bacterial infection teratogenic, liver insufficiency or hepatitis, renal insufficiency
36
Methotrexate Interactions
use with digoxin can reduce digoxin level use with NSAID, salicyates, sulfonamides can cause toxicity alchol risk increases hepatotoxicity risk folic acid changes client response to drug
37
cyclophosphamide Use
chemotherapy for leukemias, multiple myelomas, lymphomas, solid tumors of the head, breasts, ovary, lung cancer
38
cyclophosphamide AE
Hair loss (alopecia), severe GI effects like N/V, Bone marrow suppression (low WBC count), kidney toxicity leading to hemorrhagic cystitis, electrolyte imbalance, hyperkalemia/ hyponatremia are most common
39
cyclophosphamide contradictions
Pregnancy risk D- lactation live virus vaccines fluid volume deficits severe infection- herpes/chickenpox
40
cyclophosphamide precautions
HX of radiation/ chemotherapy liver/ kidney problems recent corticosteriod use Bone marrow maligancy HX of hyperuricemia and gout present leukopenia or thrombocytopenia
41
cyclophosphamide interaction
Doxorubicin may increase the risk for cardiac toxicity with succinylcholine, neuromuscular blockage can be prolonged
42
Doxorubicin Use
IV TX: Acute leukemias, lymphomas Wilms tumor, bone and soft tissue sarcomas, thyroid cancer, transitional cell bladder cancer, breast/ ovarian cancers Liposome Injectable: Kaposis sarcoma, Ovarian/ breast cancer, multiple myeloma used with raditaion therapy
43
Doxorubicin AE
bone marrow suppression, thrombocytopenai, anemia, alopecia, red urine/ tears, cardiac toxicity, hepatic toxicity, extravarsion
44
Doxorubicin Contradictions and Precautions
Risk D- lactation, bone marrow suppression, cardiac problems, jaundice, previous TX with doxorubicin impaired liver/ kidney function, HX of atrophic dermatitis, previous use of radiation/cyclophosphamide
45
Doxorubicin Interactions
Barbiturates may decrease effect, meds that prolong QT increase cardiac problems Streptozocin prolong half life of doxorubicin
46
Vinicristine Use
Tx for acute leukemias, lymphomas, Wilms tumor (kidney cancer in children), breast and lung cancer, soft tissue sarcomas
47
Vinicristine AE
peripheral neuropathy, tissue damage from infiltration, alopecia, constipation and ileus
48
Vinicristine Contradictions
Risk D- lactation, intestinal Ileus, liver radiation, Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome
49
Vinicristine Precautions
low leukocyte count, neuro disorders, HTN, liver/ gallbladder disease
50
Vinicristine Interactions
Mitomycin (anticancer ABX) may cause SOB/ bronchospasm decreases response to live vaccines
51
tamoxifen use
for estrogen receptor positive metastic breast cancer, prevents breast cancer
52
Tamoxifen AE
N/V, hot flashes, retinopathy, cataracts, risk for uterine cancer, endometrial hyperplasia (overgrowth of uterine tissue), risk for thromboembolism/ thrombophelbitis
53
Tamoxifen Contradicitons
Risk D- lactation anticoagulant therapy, HX of thrombocytopenia, prexisitng endometrial hyperplasia
54
Tamoxifen precautions
visual problems, bone marrow sppresion, hypercalcemia, high blood cholestrol, ductal carcinoma in situ
55
Tamoxifen Interactions
estrogen may decrease effectivness, blood levels are increased by bromocriptine, may increase effect of warfarin, other cancer meds can increase risk for thromboembolism
56
Filgrastim Use
reduction of infection risk with bone marrow transplant, chronic neutropenia, myelosuppressive chemotherapy
57
Filgrastim AE
Leukocytosis, bone pain and fever, splenomegaly (long term use)
58
Filgrastim Contradicitons
Sensitive to E.coli proteins, acute resp distress syndrome, chemotherapy or radiation
59
Filgrastim Precautions
bone marrow cancer, pre-cardiac disease
60
Filgrastim Interactions
Interferes with action of cytotoxic medications Lithium changes release of neutrophils
61
Epotein Alfa Use
supports production of RBC in renal failure, preoperative anemia, chemotherapy, and zidovudine therapy for HIV
62
Epoetin Alfa AE
HTN, seizure, Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MI, cardiac arrest, etc), malignancy progression
63
Epoetin Alfa Contradicitons
uncontrolled HTN Cancer- depends on TX Iron deficency anemia
64
Epoetin Alfa Precautions
stroke cardiovascular disease seizure disorder
65
Epoetin Alfa Interactions
may increase the amount of heparin needed during hemodialysis
66
Testosterone Use
Tx for hypogonadism, delayed puberty, testicular failure Tx for breast cancer
67
Testosterone AE
virilization (females getting male charcteristics) increased growth of prostat cancer edema/ weight gain liver toxicity premature epiphyseal closure (growing stops early) gynecomastia
68
Testosterone Contradictions
teratogenic, breast cancer in males, prostate cancer of BPH, HTN, cardiac/renal/hepatic disease, illegal for physical performance
69
Testosterone Precautions
DM, BPH, older adults
70
Testosterone Interactions
reduce insulin or antidebitc med requirements, change affect of anticoagulants, increase risk of cyclosporine activity
71
Flutamide Use
Treat prostate cancer in early stages and after metasiszes
72
Flutamide AE
Gynecomastia, decreased libido, hot flashes
73
Flutamide contraindications and precautions
allergy, liver failure with ALT 2x normal range, female clients lactase deficency
74
Flutamide interactions
INR can increase when taking warfarin
75
Finasteride Use
Tx of BPH and androgenic alopecia (male pattern baldness)
76
Finasteride AE
redcued libido and ejaculate volume, reduced PSA (prostate specific androgen) levels, gynecomastia
77
Finasteride Contradictions and Precautions
teratogenic, female patients Liver impairment, obstructive uropathy
78
Finasteride Interactions
None
79
Sildenafil Use
Tx for ED
80
Sildenafil AE
priapism (persistent erection), headache, Hypotension, fainting, sudden loss of hearing, irreversible loss of vision
81
Sildenafil Admin
Effects last up to 4 hours, med emeergency if longer, only use once in 24 hours, no nitrartes with 24 hour before/ after use
82
Sildenafil Contradicitons
concurrent use of nitroglycerin or otehr nitrates children
83
Sildenafil Precautions
MI, fatal dysrhythmias within the past 6 months, unstable angina, heart failure, hepatic/ renal disease
84
Sildenafil Interactions
nitroglycerin increase risk for life threating hypotension, CYP3A4 inhibitors like grapefuirt juice increase plasma levels and risk for AE, alpha adrengic antagonists and stuff used for BPH can cause hypotension, rifampin can decrease levels
85
Estrogen Use
relief of menopausal problems, vulvular/vaginal atrophy Prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis
86
Estrogen AE
N/V, thromboembolism (PE, MI, etc), HTN, endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial and ovarian cancer
87
Estrogen Contradictions
HX of thromboelitc events or risk, breast/ vagina/ cervical/ endometrial cancer, liver disease, undiagnosed vaginal bleeding
88
Estrogen Precautions
HTN, gallbladder disease, DM, heart disease, migraines, kidney dysfunction
89
Estrogen Interactions
Rifampin, phenytoin, st john wort, and carbamazepine can reduce the effectiveness Can reduce the effect of warfarin and hypoglycemic medications Increasesthe ability of diazepam, tricyclic antidepressants
90
Progesterone Use
Tx of endometriosis, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, and endometrial carcinoma
91
Progesterone AE
Thromboembolism, breast cancer, N/V, edema, breakthrough bleeding
92
Progesterone Contradiction
teratogenic, HX of thromboembolic effects, undiagnosed vaginal bleeding, liver disease, cervical/ uterine/ vaginal/ breast cancer
93
Progesterone Precautions
asthma, seizures, cerebrovascular accident, migraines, kidney or cardiac dysfunction
94
Progesterone Interactions
Rifampin, phenytoin, st johns wort reduce effectiveness Progesterone and hypogylcemic medicatioons may need dose adjustment
95
Combo Contraceptive Use
prevent pregnancy, reduction in fluid retention with premenustral syndrome decreases risk for uterine cancers, ovarian cysts, pelvic inflammator diseasse, benign breast disease
96
Combo Contraceptive AE
Thromboembolism, hyperkalemia, HTN, uterine bleeding, increased growth of breast malignancies
97
Combo Contraceptive Contradiction
teratogenic, Hx of thromboembolic events, breast cancer, altered liver function, altered adrenal or renal function, over 35 age, and smoke
98
Combo Contraceptive precautions
HTN, DM, Heart disease, migraines
99
Combo Contraceptive Interactions
ACE inhibitors and other meds causing hyperkalemia Rifampin, phenytoin, st johns wort can reduce effectiveness Can reduce effetc of warfarin and hypoglycemic meds Increase levels of diazepam, tricyclic antidepressants
100
Oxytocin Use
Uterine Stimulation, induction of labor, tx of postpartum hemorrhage
101
Oxytocine AE
uterine hyperstimulation, HTN crisis, watr intoxication
102
Oxytocin Contradicitons
unripe cervix, placental abnormalities, active genital herpes, uterine surgery, fetal distress, lung immaturity, cephalopelvic distrubiuton, malpresentation, prolapsed umbilical cord
103
Oxytocin Precautions
preeclampsia, HTN, multiparity (multiple fetuses), seizures, polyhydramnios, cardiac disease
104
Oxytocin Interactions
Vasopressors can cause HTN
402
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