Exam 2

Question 1

What’s the difference between physical activity and exercise?

Answer 1

Physical Activity: Any bodily movement that increases energy expenditure. Exercise: Planned, structured, repetitive movement with fitness goals.

Question 2

Give two examples of physical activity.

Answer 2

• Walking to class
• Gardening

Question 3

Give two examples of exercise.

Answer 3

• Weightlifting
• Swimming

Question 4

What is the difference between health-related and skill-related fitness?

Answer 4

Health-Related: Cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, body composition.
Skill-Related: Agility, balance, coordination, power, reaction time, speed.

Question 5

What are the levels of study in exercise physiology?

Answer 5

• Molecular
• Tissue/System
• Whole-body

Question 6

What is metabolism?

Answer 6

All chemical reactions in the body, including anabolic (builds molecules) and catabolic (breaks down molecules).

Question 7

What is energy and when does fatigue occur?

Answer 7

Energy = ability to perform work; fatigue occurs when ATP demand exceeds production.

Question 8

What are the three types of energy?

Answer 8

• Chemical
• Mechanical
• Heat

Question 9

What is ATP?

Answer 9

Adenosine Triphosphate: main energy currency, releases energy when phosphate bonds break.

Question 10

What are the fuel sources for exercise?

Answer 10

• ATP-PCr → phosphocreatine
• Glycolysis → glucose/glycogen
• Oxidative → carbs & fats

Question 11

What is the fastest ATP production system?

Answer 11

ATP-PCr system.

Question 12

What are the end products of glycolysis?

Answer 12

• Pyruvate
• Lactate

Question 13

What decides which energy system dominates during exercise?

Answer 13

Intensity & duration.

Question 14

What type of exercise is anaerobic?

Answer 14

No oxygen, uses carbs.

Question 15

What type of exercise is aerobic?

Answer 15

Uses oxygen, burns fats & carbs.

Question 16

What are the energy values of carbohydrates and fats?

Answer 16

• CHO = 4 kcal/g
• Fat = 9 kcal/g

Question 17

How many skeletal muscles are in the human body?

Answer 17

600+ skeletal muscles.

Question 18

What are the functions of skeletal muscles?

Answer 18

• Movement
• Posture
• Heat production
• Protection

Question 19

What are the two types of skeletal muscle fibers?

Answer 19

• Type I = endurance (marathon)
• Type II = power (sprinting)

Question 20

What are the system roles of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 20

Transport.

Question 21

What are the system roles of the neuroendocrine system?

Answer 21

Hormone regulation.

Question 22

What are the system roles of the respiratory system?

Answer 22

Gas exchange.

Question 23

What is VO₂max?

Answer 23

Max oxygen use.

Question 24

What is the gold standard for body composition assessment?

Answer 24

DEXA.

Question 25

How is BMI calculated?

Answer 25

BMI = weight (kg)/height² (m²).

Question 26

What does FITT-VP stand for?

Answer 26

* Frequency * Intensity * Time * Type * Volume * Progression

Question 27

What is an example of a stationary cycle workout?

Answer 27

F: 2 days/week, I: Moderate, T: 20 minutes, T: Cycling, V: 40 min/week, P: Gradual increases.

Question 28

What are the ACSM Guidelines for exercise?

Answer 28

150 min moderate or 75 min vigorous per week; 2+ strength sessions.

Question 29

What does the SAID principle stand for?

Answer 29

Specific adaptations to imposed demands.

Question 30

What are some adaptations to endurance training?

Answer 30

* ↑VO₂max * ↑mitochondria * ↑capillaries

Question 31

What are some adaptations to strength training?

Answer 31

* ↑muscle size * ↑power * ↑ATP-PCr stores

Question 32

What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic exercise?

Answer 32

Aerobic = endurance; Anaerobic = sprint/strength.

Question 33

What are some research questions in exercise physiology?

Answer 33

How does training affect metabolism, recovery, disease, aging, hydration.

Question 34

What is the difference between primary and secondary research?

Answer 34

Primary = new data; Secondary = review.

Question 35

What are the steps of the scientific method?

Answer 35

* Define * Search * Hypothesis * Experiment * Analyze * Interpret * Report

Question 36

What does methodical mean in research terms?

Answer 36

Structured.

Question 37

What does reliable mean in research terms?

Answer 37

Consistent results.

Question 38

What is the placebo effect?

Answer 38

Psychological improvement.