1
Q
Vitamin A
A
stimulates activity of osteoblasts
2
Q
Vitamin C
A
needed for synthesis of collagen
3
Q
Vitamin D
A
promotes absorption of calcium from foods in gastrointestinal tract into the blood
4
Q
Vitamin K and B12
A
needed for synthesis of bone proteins
5
Q
HGH and IGF
A
- stimulate osteoblasts
- promote cell division at the epiphyseal plate
- enhance protein synthesis
6
Q
Thyroid hormone and insulin
A
- stimulate osteoblasts
- protein synthesis
7
Q
Sex hormones
A
- cause “growth spurt”
- promote widening of the pelvis in females
- responsible for closing epiphyseal plates at the end of puberty
8
Q
parathyroid hormone and calcitonin
A
critical in balancing levels of calcium and phosphorus between bone and blood
9
Q
Astrocytes
A
- provide physical support to neurons
- maintain the blood-brain barrier
- make scar tissue after CNS injury
10
Q
Oligodendrocytes
A
produce myelin in CNS
11
Q
Microglia
A
phagocytosis of debris and pathogens
12
Q
Ependymal cells
A
form and circulate CSF
Bio 205
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