Describe the lateral line system distribution on the head and body of a typical fish
- Lateral line sensory cells are concentrated on the head of a fish
- Then they extend in a thin line down the sides of a fishes body unitl it reaches the base of the caudal fin
What are 3 advantages of schooling behavior in fish?
- Decreased likelihood of individual being eaten
- increased reproductive success (more mates)
- Increased hydrodynamic efficiency
T/F: a fish with a gut about 1.8 times its body length would typically be a herbivore
False
What are important functions of pharyngeal teeth
- Break down components like cellulose
- Separate edible and inedible material
When a fish sits still and doesn’t eat it will starve to death. What are two energetic costs that drain the stored reserves of the fish in such a situation?
- maintenance metabolism
- tissue turnover
Static color patterns
–long-term coloration that can be used to determine species, gender, maturity etc
Dynamic color patterns
–can change and usually involve the quick exposure of a previously hidden structure
T/F: and iteroparous fish will spawn once and die
False
Polygynous mating system
-One male mates with many females
Monogamous mating system
-a pair stays together of the entire breeding system, and sometimes for life
What are 2 advantages of the primary care giver being a male in fishes
- females can work on producing more gametes
- The male can assure that the fish is his and noones elses
Provide an example of a type of fish that practices provisioning of their young
- Discus fish
- provide nutritional slime for young
What are 3 mechanisms for fishes to orientate during migration in the open ocean, hundreds of km from any shoreline
- Temperature fluctuations
- Oceanic currents (magnetic fields)
- Day-night cycles of daylight
Explain the concept of ‘point of no return’ as it applies to larval fish
- after a fish hatches, there is a critical period of 1-2 days during which they need to find food to survive
- past this point (the point of no return) even if they do find food, it will be too late and they will die
What will happen to the internal circadian rhythms of a fish if it is kept completely in the dark for many days
-it will gradually shift over time
Why are most fishes counter-shaded
- incumbent light shining from the surface above illuminates the darkened top, making them appear nearly invincible
- viewed from the top they blend in with the dark surface
- viewed from the bottom they blend in with the bright surface
T/F: most fish swallow their food whole and tail first
False
In what ways are sharks more advanced in the reproductive style compared to a typical fish
- many sharks provide embryo nutrition
- a placental-like organ provides nourishment for a developing fetus
T/F: catadromy is more common in temperate than in tropical latitudes
False
Why might newly hatched fish larvae have difficulty maintaining a nicely polarized school
- their sensory organs are not fully developed yet
- especially in their lateral line and eyes
Why do many kinds of fishes have dark, vertical pigment bars across their eye
-most predators use the eye of prey as a target to bite, so disgusing the eye helps them to avoid predators
On coral reefs, there is a quiet period just at sundown where there are very few fish moving, why?
-diurnal fish are going to sleep, and nocturnal fish are just waking up, so there is little action
What are 3 ways that fishes discourage capture or avoid being swallowed once they have been captured by a predator
- Having spines
- Having cryptic colorations (eye spots)
Which pigments are derived only from the diet in fishes
Carotenoids
