Exam 2: The Visual System

Question 1

higher light energy indicates a ___ wavelength

Answer 1

shorter

Question 2

compared to violet, red light has a ___ wavelength and a ___ energy

Answer 2

longer, lower

Question 3

light enters the eye through the ___

Answer 3

pupil

Question 4

constriction of the pupil is regulated by a muscles called the ___ ___

Answer 4

pupillary sphincter

Question 5

the pupillary sphincter is under ____ control

Answer 5

parasympathetic

Question 6

__ __ of the pupillary sphincter limits the amount of light that enters the eye

Answer 6

parasympathetic control

Question 7

the pupil is dilated by a smooth muscle called the ___ ___

Answer 7

pupillary dilator

Question 8

the pupillary dilator is under ___ control

Answer 8

sympathetic

Question 9

___ ___ allows more light to enter the eye

Answer 9

sympathetic control

Question 10

the opening of the eye is surrounded by a pigmented epithelium layer called the ___

Answer 10

iris

Question 11

the iris affect the __ and ___ of an image focused on the retina

Answer 11

brightness, quality

Question 12

the ___ is the white, protective layer of the eye that is continuous with the dura mater

Answer 12

sclera

Question 13

the cornea is the clear outer layer of the eye that is responsible for ___ and ___

Answer 13

protection, refraction

Question 14

the ___ layer is an internal layer that supplies blood vessels to the eye

Answer 14

choroid

Question 15

the retina contains ___

Answer 15

photoreceptors

Question 16

photoreceptors can be separated into two groups, rods which differetiate ___ and ___, and conse which detect ___

Answer 16

light, dark, color

Question 17

what is aqueous humor

Answer 17

watery fluid anterior to the lens

Question 18

what is vitreous humor

Answer 18

a gelatinous substance behind the lens

Question 19

red/green colorblindness is an __- linked trait, which is why it is most commonly seen in ___

Answer 19

X, males

Question 20

what are horizontal and amacrine cells

Answer 20

cells that communicatge horizontally in the retina.
they are inhibitory interneurons responsible for lateral inhibition

Question 21

visual info from the eyes is processed ___

Answer 21

contralaterally

Question 22

(rods/cones) are more highly concentrated near the center of the retina

Answer 22

cones

Question 23

(rods/cones) have lower temporal and spatial resolution

Answer 23

rods

Question 24

(rods/cones) are more responsible for vision in brightly-lit conditions

Answer 24

cones

Question 25

(rods/cones) contain rhodopsin (a light-sensitive protein)

Answer 25

rods

Question 26

when activated by light, retinal shifts from the trans conformation to the cis conformation (t/f)

Answer 26

false. its cis -> trans

Question 27

what is the function of the LGN

Answer 27

contains magnocellular and parvocellular layers

Question 28

what is the function of the superior colliculus

Answer 28

adjusts movement of the head and eyes toward a stimulus

Question 29

what is the function of the pretectal area

Answer 29

controls pupil size

Question 30

what is the function of the SCN

Answer 30

sets sleep-wake cycle (circadian rhythms)