Explain which planes and axes are involved when a gymnast performs a cartwheel. Use examples from the movement to support your answer. ( 6 marks )
When a gymnast performs a cartwheel, the movement takes place in the frontal plane and
around the sagittal axis.
The frontal plane divides the body into front and back halves, and movements within this plane involve abduction and adduction - that is, moving body parts away from or towards the midline of the body.
During a cartwheel, the gymnast’s legs and arms move away from the midline as they lift them out to the side to start the movement - this is abduction. As the gymnast completes the movement and brings their legs back down towards the midline to finish standing upright, this is adduction.
These actions occur around the sagittal axis, which runs from front to back through the body. This axis allows side-to-side movements such as abduction and adduction to take place.
For example, throughout the cartwheel, the gymnast’s body stays in the frontal plane, performing continuous abduction and adduction movements around the sagittal axis.
→ Therefore, a cartwheel takes place in the frontal plane and around the sagittal axis, involving abduction and adduction of the arms and legs.
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