What are the short term cardiovascular effects of exercise?
Increased CO through increased HR and SV
Redistribution of blood flow
Splenic contraction
What are the short term respiratory effects of exercise?
Increased resp rate
Increased total vol
Increased minute ventilation
What is the equation for cardiac output?
CO = HR x SV
How can cardiac output change?
Increases similarly in trained and untrained subjects
Untrained -
Increased CO from significant increased HR and moderate SV increase
Trained -
Increased CO from a significant SV and HR increase
Where is the majority of blood flow distributed to at rest?
Major organs
Where is the majority of blood flow distributed to during exercise?
Working muscles
What is splenic reserve?
10-20% RBC volume stored in spleen
Smooth muscle contracts to release this during exercise
What happens when resp rate increases?
More CO2
Blood pH decreases
Detected by chemoreceptors
Inspiratory area in medulla signals to diaphragm to contract more forcefully, CO2 expelled and pH increases
Where are chemoreceptors?
Centrally in medulla oblongata
Peripherally in aortic and carotid bodies
What are CO2 & pH levels like at rest?
Low CO2
High pH
What are CO2 & pH levels like during exercise?
High CO2
Low pH
What is the Bohr effect?
O2 curve shifts to the right
Affinity of haemoglobin for O2 is lower - O2 readily released by tissues
What is tidal volume?
The amount of air released by lungs in one complete cycle - breathing in and out
What is vital capacity?
What are accessory respiration muscles?
Aid respiration during exercise
Pectorals
Latissimus dorsi
External abdominal obliques
What are the long term effects of exercise?
Decreased resting HR
Decreased BP
Increased tidal vol
Increased vital capacity
Increased capillarisation
Hypertrophy of myocardium
Increased aerobic capacity
Faster recovery
Why is left ventricular hypertrophy important?
Pumps blood to muscles - thicker wall = pump more blood, increased SV
How does recovery differ between trained and untrained individuals?
Untrained - HR returns to rest slower
What is aerobic capacity?
Max O2 uptake = VO2 max
Increased ability for heart to pump oxygenated blood around body
Ability for resp within muscle cells = more mitochondria and mitochondrial enzymes -Krebs cycle, ATP production
What are the effects of exercise on other systems?
Increased bone density
Muscle hypertrophy
Increased insulin sensitivity
Reduced cortisol
-
Histology Of The Cardiovascular Respiratory System26
-
Intro To The Cardiovascular System36
-
Heart And Blood Circulatory System17
-
Intro To The Resp System43
-
Blood And Blood Pressure82
-
Heart Beat, Contractility And Conductivity53
-
ECG38
-
Topography Of The Cardiovascular Respiratory Tract1
-
Lymphatic System43
-
Respiratory Physiology17
-
Exercise Physiology21
-
Feotal Circulation0
