explanations for forgetting:interference

Question 1

interference

Answer 1

an explanation for forgetting in terms of one memory disrupting the ability to recall another

Question 2

proactive interference

Answer 2

• where old learning prevents recall of new info.

- old memories distrusts new memories

Question 3

retroactive interference

Answer 3

• new learning prevents recall of previously learned information
• new memories disrupt old memories

Question 4

when is proactive and retroactive interference more likely to occur ? research study to support this

Answer 4

• it the memories are similar
• e.g. confusing old and new phone numbers
• list of 10 adjectives (list A)
• learned, then interval of 10 mins where participants leaned list B
• if list B was of synonyms of list a then recall was poor (12%)
• if lost B was numbers then recall was good (37%)

Question 5

explain why research is artificial

Answer 5

• most research is lab bases and uses nonsense syllables.
• findings may not relate to everyday uses of memory
• participants may lack motivation to remember meaningless thing so allows interference affects to appear stronger
• low in ecological validity
• counter argument that interference effects have been observed in everyday situations.
• Baddeley and Hitch found that those rugby players who played the most games forgot more names of their teams. Demonstrates the effect of interference

Question 6

explain the individual differences

Answer 6

• some people are less affected by proactive interference than others
• Kane and Engle showed that those with a higher WMM span were less likely to proactive interference

Question 7

explain the real world application to advertising

Answer 7

• Danher found that both recall and recognition of an advertiser’s message were weakened when participants were exposed to two advertisements for competing brands within a week.
• shows the effects of interference