export_pharm pns

Question 1

What is the use of Adrenaline?

Answer 1

• resuss
• offset histamine release effect post-anaphylaxis
• improve cardiac output and flow
• bronchodil poss

Question 2

What is Atenolol?

Answer 2

b-blocker; b1 selective

Question 3

What is the use of b blockers such as atenolol?

Answer 3

• tachycard
• hyperthyroidism
• HCM
• hypertension

Question 4

Name a a-2 antagonist?

Answer 4

Atipamezole

Question 5

What is atipamezole?

Answer 5

a2 adreno antagonist
- reversal of sedation/analgesia = medetomidine

• only given 30mins AFTER sedation (cats) to avoid over ‘excitation’/crazy cat

Question 6

Name a drug that could inhibit ACh

Answer 6

Atracurium

Question 7

What are the uses of Atracurium

Answer 7

• block ACh
• make IPPV easier
• suitable for renal/hepatic disease

Question 8

What does atropine act on?

Answer 8

Block ACh at Musc R
- mydriasis

• tachy
• bronchodil
• inhib GI

Question 9

Name the primary use of Bethanecol

Answer 9

Bladder tone

Question 10

How does Bethanecol work?

Answer 10

• inc bladder detrusor tone and function, doesn’t work if areflexive

Question 11

How would you treat Bethanecol (ACh Mus agonist)

Answer 11

Atropine can reverse effect

Question 12

What is Butylscopolamine?

Answer 12

antag of ACh Musc R (GIT and UT). can control D+ and bladder pain

Question 13

What is Carvedilol used for?

Answer 13

non-selective B blocker

Question 14

What is cis-atracurium?

Answer 14

isomer. inhib ACh Nic R

- Neuro-musc blockade in GA

Question 15

Name a direct B-2 agonist, begining with C?

Answer 15

Clenbuterol

Question 16

What is clenbbuterol commonly used for?

Answer 16

Bronchodil in horses; more potent than epinephrine and salbutamol

Question 17

What possible side effects might an B2 agonist give?

Answer 17

tachy card
muscle tremors

smooth m relax

Question 18

What is the purpose of Clonidine?

Answer 18

To stim GnRH release

Question 19

Detomidine is a…?

Answer 19

A2 agonist
- can be analgesic, sedative

• reduces excitatory response

Question 20

Medetomidine is a..?

Answer 20

A2 agonist
- analgesia

• sedation
• m relaxation

Question 21

What is the purpose of using Dexmed + ket?

Answer 21

short (30m) of surgical anaesthesia (cats only)

Question 22

what is the significance of dexmedatomidine and medatomidine?

Answer 22

dex is 2x more potent

Question 23

If dex/med reversed w/ atipamezole what is required?

Answer 23

Analgesia!

Question 24

What are the main side effects of medetomidine?

Answer 24

• peri vasocon
• bradycardia
• RR falls but depth inc (hyperpnoeic)

Question 25

Dobutamine is a ____ agonist?

Answer 25

B1 agonist also synthetic catecholamine with B2 and A1 effects

Question 26

B1 selective agonists are used to treat...

Answer 26

cardiac failure, hypotensive,bradycardia

Question 27

What is dopamine?

Answer 27

endogenous catecholamine; precursor of NA

Question 28

Why is dopamine used?

Answer 28

tx shock support systolic fct vasodil, inc contractility

Question 29

Edrophonium is a?

Answer 29

comp inhib AChE

Question 30

Why is a AChE inhib useful?

Answer 30

to diag myasthenia gravis | tx atrial tachycardia

Question 31

Name a very short acting b blocker

Answer 31

Esmolol

Question 32

What B R does Esmolol target?

Answer 32

B1

Question 33

Glycopyrronium reverses the parasympathetic effect at musc R. What uses has it?

Answer 33

- decrease oral/bronchal secretions - longer acting than atropine and preferred in rabbits - inhib bradycardia caused by opioids

Question 34

What is Isoxoprine?

Answer 34

B2 R agonist | laminitis/nevicular disease tx

Question 35

What is Neostigmine used for?

Answer 35

inc action of ACh at NMJ

Question 36

What are the benefits of Neostigmine?

Answer 36

- polar - low CNS penetration - long acting - can diag myaesthenia gravis

Question 37

What is the purpose of OPs in cats/dogs?

Answer 37

- inhib AChE - irreversible binding - antihelmintics - poisoning - myscle fasciulations, convulsions

Question 38

What is pancuronium?

Answer 38

ACh inhib

Question 39

Phenoxybenzamine is

Answer 39

irreversible blocker of A-R

Question 40

Phenylephrine is?

Answer 40

A1 agonist - dilate iris - hypotension tx - mydriasis

Question 41

Pilocarpine

Answer 41

stim cholinergic R

Question 42

What does pilocarpine cause?

Answer 42

miosis improved aq flow glaucoma tx

Question 43

Prazosin is a B1 antagonist used to treat

Answer 43

CHF secondary to mitral valve regurg

Question 44

Propanthaline is a 

Answer 44

musc antag to treat bradycardia, incontinence and spasmodic GI upset

Question 45

Propanalol is used for

Answer 45

cardic arrhyth | anxiety

Question 46

Pyridostigmine

Answer 46

reversible ACh inhib; longer DOA than neostigmine

Question 47

Romifidine is same family of xylazine and detomidine, what is it?

Answer 47

A2 agonist, causes less ataxia

Question 48

Salbutamol causes

Answer 48

smooth m relaxation and bronchodil

Question 49

Suxamethonium is used for laryngeal analgesia in ...

Answer 49

cats, rabbits and primates

Question 50

Terbutaline stim bronchodil, what R does it agonise?

Answer 50

B2

Question 51

Tropicamide inhib ACh at the ciliary body, what does it cause?

Answer 51

mydriasis and cycloplegia. NOT TO TX GLAUCOMA

Question 52

Vecuronium acts to _____ ACh 

Answer 52

inhibits. 

Question 53

Xylasine is..NO LONGER REALLY USED. SEDATIVE

Answer 53

replaced by medetomidine