An increase in the magnitude of occlusal forces results in
- PDL widening
- Increase in number and width of PDL fibers
- Increase in density of alveolar bone
Arrangemment of the periapical fibers of the PDL best accommodates occlusal forces along the
long axis of the tooth
What forces are more likely to injure the periodontium?
Lateral and torque
What is more injurious- intermmittent forces or constant pressure?
Constant
Acute occlusal trauma is associated with
an abrupt occlusal impact
Examples of acute occlusal trauma
biting hard objects
Acute occlusal trauma may result in
pain, sensitivity to percussion and increased mobility
What is chronic occlusal trauma?
Gradual changes in occlusion produced by tooth wear, drifting movement and extrusion of the teeth in combo with parafunctional habits
What is more common- acute or chronic occlusal trauma?
Chronic
Primary is the result of
alterations in occlusal forces
Secondary is the result from
reduced ability of the tissues to resist occlusal forces. occurs in periodontitis patients
Does primary occlusal trauma alter the level of CT attachment?
No
Does primary occlusal trauma initiate pocket formation?
No
Secondary occlusal trauma occurs when the
adaptive capacity of the tissues to withstand occlusal forces impaired by bone loss that result from marginal inflammation
Slightly excessive pressure stimulates resorption of the alveolar bone with a resultant
widening of the PDL
Slightly excessive tension causes
elongation of the PDL fibers and the apposition of alveolar bone
Greater pressure results in injury to the fibroblasts and other CT cells leading to
necrosis of areas of the ligament
Severe tension causes
- Widening and tear of PDL
- Resorption of alveolar bone
Areas of the periodontium that are most susceptible to injury from excessive occlusal forces are the
furcations
Hypofunction causes
- Thinning of PDL
- Atrophy of fibers
- Reduced bone height
Trauma from occlusion does not cause
pockets or gingivitis
As long as inflam is confined to the gingiva, the inflammatory process is
not affected by occlusal forces
When trauma from occlusion is eliminated, a substantial reversal of bone loss occurs, except in the presence of
periodontitis
What is the most common clinical sign of trauma to the periodontium?
Mobility
