Perio > Powered Instruments > Flashcards

Powered Instruments Flashcards

(59 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

Power oscillating instruments are used for what?

A
  • Removal of calcified deposits on teeth and restorations
  • Root planing
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2
Q

What are advantages of power scalers?

A
  • Technique easier to learn
  • Increased efficiency
  • Water lavage and irrigation
  • Acoustic microstreaming
  • Allow delivery of chemo agents
  • No need to sharpen power scaler tips
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3
Q

What are disadvantages of power instrumentation?

A
  • Precautions and limitations
  • Pt discomfort
  • Less tactile sensation
  • Root surfaces less smooth
  • Reduced visibility
  • RIsk of infection
  • Aerosol prodn
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4
Q

What are indications for power scalers?

A
  • Remove subgingival calculus and extrinsic stain
  • Subgingival debridement of calculus, root endotoxins and biofilm
  • Remove ortho cement
  • Remove endo post
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5
Q

What are contraindications of power scalers?

A
  • Communicable diseases
  • Resp diseases
  • Susceptible pts
  • Dysphagia
  • Pacemakers
  • Exposed dentin
  • Newly erupted teeth
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6
Q

What is the frequency of sonic scalers?

A

2,000-6,500 cycles/sec

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7
Q

How many active working surfaces does a sonic scaler have?

A

5

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8
Q

What are advantages of sonic scalers?

A

Adapt to the dental units handpiece tubing

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9
Q

What are disadvantages to sonic scalers?

A
  • Noisy
  • Scaler tips are large
  • High tip altitude
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10
Q

What is the frequency of magnetostrictive ultrasonic scalers?

A

18,000-50,000

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11
Q

How does the tip of magnetostrictive ultrasonic scalers move?

A

Elliptical or orbital stroke pattern

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12
Q

How many working surfaces does a magnetostrictive ultrasonic scaler have?

A

4

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13
Q

What is the pattern movement of piezoelectric ultrasonic scalers?

A

Somewhat linear

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14
Q

How many active working surfaces does the piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler have?

A

2

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15
Q

What factors are important in determining the stroke pattern?

A

Power settinga nd tip shape

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16
Q

Slim tip shapes tend to produce what movement?

A

Broad elliptical

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17
Q

Lower power and wider tip shapes produce what movement?

A

Narrow elliptical

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18
Q

What are the MOAs of power scalers?

A
  • Mechanical action
  • irrigation
  • Cavitation
  • Acoustic microstreaming
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19
Q

What is the main MOA of power scalers?

A

Mechanical action

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20
Q

Efficacy of mechanical action is influenced by what?

A
  • Freq of insert tip movement
  • Stroke length
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21
Q

Increasing the frequency of insert tip movement will _______ the active area

A

reduce

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22
Q

What is stroke length?

A

Max distance the isntert tip travels during one cycle or stroke path

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23
Q

What is displacement amplitude

A

equal to one half the stroke length

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24
Q

Maximum displacement amplitude occurs at the end of the oscillating tip and is influenced by what?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Power
  • Design of scaling tip
25
What is power?
Amt of electrical energy supplied to the transducer to generate insert movement
26
Higher power means _____ stroke
longer
27
Longer stroke means _____ amplitude
wider
28
lower power meals ______ stroke
shorter
29
shorter stroke means ________ amplitude
smaller
30
What is light power beneficial in?
removing biofilm and light calculus
31
What does irrigation do?
Remove loosely attached biofilm and endotoxin from root surfaces
32
What 2 biophysical forces are generated in water when the oscillating tip of a power scaler is activated?
- cavitation - micro streaming
33
What is cavitation?
Hydrodynamic phenomenon that describes the formation and subsequent implosion of pulsating cavities in a flowing liquid
34
What is acoustic streaming?
Disruption and removal of biofilm by turbulent currents of water surroundign the scaler tip
35
What does the effect of cavitation and microstreamig play a role in?
The disruption and removal of dental plaque from the tooth surface
36
What are the objectives of nonsurgical periodontal therapy?
- Elimination of gingival inflammation - Eliminate of bleeding on probing - Arresting periodontal disease progression - Reduction of probing depths - Gain in clinical attachmet
37
What is more effective for removal of endotoxins?
Ultrasonic scalers
38
What removes the least cementum?
Ultrasonic scalers
39
What causes the highest roughness of the root surface?
Sonic scalers
40
What causes the least roughness of the root surface?
Hand scalers
41
What removes the most cementum?
Hand scalers and sonic scalers
42
What is indication of universal scaler tips?
Scaling or large, tenacious deposits
43
What is the diameter of universal scaler tips?
Large
44
What power setting do you use for universal scaler tips?
Medium/high
45
What are indications for site specific perio tips?
Deep subgingival sites and furcations, maintenance patients
46
What is the diameter for site specific scaler tips?
Thin
47
What setting do you use for site specific perio scaler tips?
Low
48
What are the principles of instrumentation?
- Modified pen grasp - Extraoral fulcrum - Light lateral pressure
49
What tips do you use for shallow and medium pocket depth?
Standard diameter tips with med to med high power
50
What tips and power are used for deep pockets?
Slim inserts with low to medium power setting
51
What tips and power do you use for gross deposits?
Large insert and med to high power
52
What tip and power do you use for light deposits?
Thin or large insert, low to medium power
53
What tip and power do you use for plaque biofilm?
Thin insert and low power
54
What tip surfaces are active in magnetostrictive and sonic scalers?
all
55
What tip surface is active in piezoelectric scalers?
Only 2 sides at any time
56
What are aerosols?
Fine, airborne particles less than 50um in size. Can be airborne, aspirated, inhaled by patient
57
What is splatter?
Particles greater than 50um in size that can be found on surfaces, masks and gowns
58
What is safe to use for cardiac pacemakers?
Piezoelectric and sonic scalers
59
What are the clinical debridement procedure steps?
1. Antimicrobial rinse 2. Sonic/ultrasonic 3. Hand scalers 4. Sonic/ultrasonic
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