Extremophile

Question 1

What are normal conditions necessary for life on earth

Answer 1

Temperature - -40 to +50
Ph: 4-8
Presssure: 30 kpa - 10000kPa (101kpa at sea lvl)
O2 as electron receptor
H2O - we don’t know currently any lifeform that does not require liquid water
CO2 - our source of oxygen comes form things that need CO2
Plants came before other life so all life needed CO2 to get started

Question 2

What is an extremophile

Answer 2

Must require a niche space to sruvive and reproduce that is outside what we define as normal

Question 3

what is archaea, bacteria

Answer 3

archaea and bact can be extremophiles
both are prokearyotes
they are 2/3 domains, the third is eukarya

Question 4

How extreme env determine metabolic pathways of life

Answer 4

Things adapt to the env they live in? They live with what they have

Question 5

Categorisations of extremophiles
Ac,Alk,An,E,H,M,B,Ps,Hyp,X

Answer 5

Acidophile -best at low ph, requires low ph to live
Alkaphile - need high ph to live
Anaerobe - can grow in absance in oxygen
Endolith - lives inside rock or in the porse of mineral grains
Halophiles - needs high salt concentration
Methanogen - produces methane from hydrogen and CO2, important for titan life
Barophiles - like high pressure
Psychrophile - org that is best at 15 celsius or lower
Hyperthermophiles - orgs that require 80 celcius or higher to exists, someetimes water must be above boiling
Xerophiles - can live with very low water activity

Question 6

Examples of extreme env

Answer 6

lake vostok - cold, high pressure
Yellowstone springs - very acidic, hot
Deep sea hydrothermal vents - very hot, has sulfur and methane oxidation
Mono lake - very basic

Question 7

different types of oxidation (where they occur, equation)

Answer 7

Hydrogen - H2 +1/2O2 -> H2O2 - in yellowstone
Sulfer - S + 3/2 O2 -> SO3 - in hydrothermal vents
methane oxidation - CH4 + 2H2O -> 4H2 + CO2 - in vents

Question 8

What do redox reactions have to do with metabolism

Answer 8

The body generates energy through redox reactions, they move the electron to different molecules in an exothermic reaction