What is evolution

Question 1

Define evolution

Answer 1

the change of frequency of allele within a population

Question 2

At what level of biological organisation does evolution act?

Answer 2

population

Question 3

Explain the statement “Science is a process.” Briefly provide an historical
example to substantiate this statemen

Answer 3

The idea of evolution changes over time.
It was not discovered by a singular person.
It requires many people to come up with theories.
Still being revised today.
Modern vs darwin postulates
ex lamark, lyell, wallace, darwin

Question 4

What is the most important scientific contribution of Darwin and Wallace?

mechs

Answer 4

They came up with the mech of evolution. They jointly came up with the theory of the mech of how evolution happens

Descent with modification as Darwin said

Question 5

What are the two main points generated from the ‘Origin of Species?

Answer 5

Evidencce that species currently in existance come from now extinct species (ie descent with modification)

Natural selection is the mech of evolution, the descendants are here bc of nat selection

Question 6

What are darwins org postulates (old)

4

Answer 6

1. indivs of pop can vary
2. some variation is heritable
3. indivs will overproduce
4. variations change how likely they are to reproduce, survive

Question 7

What are the modern postulates of the ‘Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection?’

3

Answer 7

pop evolves
traits are heritable
evolutoin and nat selection is not progressive

Question 8

Are all adaptations positive?

Answer 8

No, some adaptations like those of peacocks hinder their ability to survive but allow them to reproduce better

Question 9

Distinguish meanings of evolution as fact and evolution as theory

Answer 9

It is a fact that some things have the same ancenstor, it is the mechanisms of eveolution that are a theory. It is hard to prove because it is so slow acting. But we do see evolution happening in species that reproduce quickly.

Question 10

Describe why the study of evolution is an integrated science. Provide an example to
substantiate your reasonin

Answer 10

It requires input of many different sciences to piece together the history of an animal.
Requires earth science to look at historical landscape, fossils
life science

Question 11

What is the evidence for evolution by nat selection

3

Answer 11

fossils
vestigial features
homologous chars - evidence of shared ancestry

Question 12

Who were the 4 philosphers on evolution, what did they say

Answer 12

plato -said species were unchanging
aristotle - recognized species and categorized them
anaximander - thought of physical forces rather than supernatural means that shape universe
Empdeocles - thought that combinations of things that worked prevailed and those that did not were eliminated, Did not think it was a gradual process

Question 13

What did lamark think (2 ideas), do

Answer 13

compared current species with fossils
made lines of descent
coined biology, invertebrate, wrote abt evo
1 body parts used bacame larger, disuse becomes smaller
2 inheritance of aquired traits