FA Resp Pharm

Question 1

Reversible inhibitors of H1 histamine receptors that enter CNS

Answer 1

H1 blockers (1st generation)

Question 2

Reversible inhibitors of H1 histamine receptors that do not enter CNS (much)

Answer 2

H1 blockers (2nd generation)

Question 3

Expectorant - thins respiratory secretions; does not suppress cough reflex

Answer 3

Guaifenesin

Question 4

Mucolytic - can loosen mucous plugs in CF patients. Also used as an antidote for acetaminophen overdose.

Answer 4

N-acetylcysteine

Question 5

Antitussive (antagonizes NMDA glutamate receptors). Synthetic codeine codeine analog. Has mild opioid effect when used in excess. Mild abuse potential

Answer 5

Dextromethorphan

Question 6

Given for dextromethorphan overdose.

Answer 6

Naloxone

Question 7

Sympathomimetic alpha-agonistic nonprescription nasal decongestants

Answer 7

Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine

Question 8

Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle (beta2–> increased cAMP). use during acute asthma exacerbation.

Answer 8

Albuterol

Question 9

long-acting b2 agonists given for asthma prophylaxis

Answer 9

Salmeterol, formoterol

Question 10

Likely causes bronchodilation by inhibiting phosphodiesterase –> increased cAMP levels due to decreased cAMP hydrolysis.

Answer 10

Theophylline (methylxanthine)

Question 11

Competitive block of muscarinic receptors, preventing bronchoconstriction

Answer 11

Ipratropium

Question 12

Long-acting muscarinic antagonist

Answer 12

Tiotropium

Question 13

Inhibit the synthesis of virtually all cytokines. Inactivate NF-kappaB, the transcription factor that induces the production of TNF-alpha and other inflammatory agents. 1st line therapy for chronic asthma

Answer 13

Beclomethasone, fluticasone (corticosteroids)

Question 14

Block leukotriene receptors, esp good for ASA-induced asthma

Answer 14

Montelukast, zafirlukast (antileukotrienes)

Question 15

5-lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor. Blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes.

Answer 15

Zileuton

Question 16

Monoclonal anti-IgE antibody. Binds mostly unbound serum IgE and blocks binding to Fc-epsilon-RI. Used in allergic asthma resistant to inhaled steroids and long-acting beta-2 agonists

Answer 16

Omalizumab

Question 17

Muscarinic receptor agonist. Used in bronchial provocation challenge to help diagnose asthma.

Answer 17

Methacholine

Question 18

Used to treat pulmonary arterial HTN. Competitively antagonizes endothelin-1 receptors, decreased pulmonary vascular resistance.

Answer 18

Bosentan

Question 19

1st generation H1 blockers (3)

Answer 19

diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine

Question 20

2nd generation H1 blockers (4)

Answer 20

loratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, cetirizine

Question 21

Adverse effects of salmeterol & formoterol

Answer 21

tremor, arrhythmia

Question 22

Adverse effects of theophylline (methylxanthine)

Answer 22

tachyarrhythmia, seizure (narrow TI)p metabolized by cytochrome P450; blocks actions of adenosine

Question 23

tx: acute asthma exacerbation

Answer 23

albuterol

Question 24

tx: chronic asthma

Answer 24

inhaled corticosteroids (beclomethasone, fluticasone)