why were preschool children believed to be incompetent witnesses
- memory limitations
- linguistic immaturity
- conceeptual underdeveloppment
What are the guidelines for interviewing preschoolers
- child needs to engage in verbal conversation
- may need to be older than 3
- needs to have been at least 2 at the time of the crime
what is a memory development concern in children witness testimonies
childhood amnesia in children
what are is the recall challenge when children are giving witness testimonies
figuring out when they are recalling vs. fabricating
Free narrative approach vs. direct questioning in children WT
- free narrative : tend to remember very little
- older children are more reluctant about leading questions
what are 2 factors influencing children suggestibility
social compliance
changes to cognitive system
what are the 4 interview techniques used with children
Anatomically detailed dolls
Criterion-based content analysis
Step-wise interview
Narrative elaboration
when is the Anatomically detailed doll interview technique used
when children may have a difficulty verbalizing what occurred
What is the Criterion-based content analysis interview technique
Analysis using criteria to distinguish truthful from false statements made by children
What is the Step-wise interview method
A interview protocol to start the interview with the least leading or directive Q then later getting more specific if necessary
what is the narrative elaboration interview technique
Interview procedure where the children learn to organize their story into relevant categories – participants, settings, actions, conversation/affective states, and consequences
what is the relative lineup judgment
all lineup photos are presented at once and the child will select the member who looks most like the culprit
what is absolute lineup judgement
child compares their memory of the culprit to the most-similar photo selected in first stage then will decide if they are the culprit
what are the 6 courtroom accomodations made for children
- Screen to seperate child\defendant
- Can testify through a closed-circuit monitor
- Child can have a support person while providing testimony
- Child may be video-recorded while being interviewed about details of the crime
- Statements made by the child during initial disclosure of abuse may be allowed as evidence
- courtroom may be closed to Public and media to protect child privacy
what is Stalking
a course of conduct directed at a specific person sufficient to cause fear in a reasonable person
what does longer stalking durations indicate?
usually greater risks of damage to the victim
Do stalking victims tend to know their partners?
yes, they are about 50% former or current partners, and were often assaulted by them previously
who are vulnerable people to being stalked
- politicians due to their high profile
- psychiatrists by clients often with personality disorders
-university faculty members
what is the most prevelant kind of stalking method
cyberstalking
what does RECON stand for in the stalking typology theory
Relationship
Context of the relationship
what are the four categories of the RECON stalking theory
Intimate
Acquaintance
Public Figure
Private stranger
what are 3 main ways stalking ceases
stalker finds new love interest
Law enforcement - warning
Victim relocation
What are the main characteristics of a intimate stalker?
- engages in stalking after an intimate relationship breaks up
- has a violent criminal record
- abuses substances
- frequently approaches the victim, threatens them, and is violent
- is rarely psychotic
- one-third show evidence of suicidal ideation
What are the main characteristics of a acquaintance stalker?
- is a rare type (13 percent of sample)
- is an individual who knows the victim through work, other professional relationships, non intimate friends, or a clinician–patient relationship
- wants to have a relationship with victim
- is less violent then intimate stalkers but engages in more indirect violence
- is less prone to violence than intimate stalkers but is very persistent
- for females often has a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder
