final

Question 1

The Enlightenment

Answer 1

A cultural movement in the 18th century that emphasized reason over superstition and science over blind faith

Question 2

Natural Rights

Answer 2

• Life, Liberty, and Property
• Cannot be restricted by human laws (inalienable rights)

Question 3

Separation of Powers

Answer 3

Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches of government all share equal power

Question 4

Causes of the French Revolution

Answer 4

-France is experiencing a financial crisis
-Third estate has to pay too many taxes
-Power is unevenly distributed
-Rise in Enlightenment ideas

Question 5

Committee of Public Safety

Answer 5

Was developed to defend France against foreign enemies during the Revolution

Question 6

Haitian Revolution

Answer 6

-Caused by brutal slavery, spreading of enlightenment ideas from France to Haiti, and French colonization

Question 7

Napoleon/Napoleonic Code

Answer 7

Napoleonic code:
- all male citizens equal under the law
- protects wealth and private property
- women related back to secondary status
-press and political freedoms are limited

Question 8

Congress of Vienna

Answer 8

• Reinstates monarchies after Napoleon’s downfall
• Reorganizes Europe
• How to balance powers in Europe

Question 9

Nationalism

Answer 9

Feeling of pride and devotion to one’s country

Question 10

Imperialism

Answer 10

extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force

Question 11

Industrialization

Answer 11

the development of industries in a country or region on a wide scale

Question 12

Social Darwinism

Answer 12

the idea that some people are more successful/powerful in a society because they are innately better

Question 13

Berlin Conference

Answer 13

when European countries planned to discuss how to divide up Africa

Question 14

Causes of WW1

Answer 14

M: militarism
A: alliances
N: nationalism
I: imperialism
A: assasination

Question 15

Treaty of Versailles

Answer 15

Goal: severely punish Germany
- demilitarization
- reparations
- loss of territory

Question 16

Weimar Republic

Answer 16

Name of Germany during the interwar years
- Democratic

Question 17

Adolf Hitler

Answer 17

Leader of the Nazi party

Question 18

Rise of the Nazi Party

Answer 18

• Night of Long Knives
• Nuremberg Laws
• Kristallnacht

Question 19

Totalitarianism

Answer 19

a system of government that is centralized and dictatorial and requires complete subservience to the state.

Question 20

Appeasement

Answer 20

Diplomatic policy of making
political or material concessions to an aggressive power in order to avoid conflict

Question 21

Antisemitism/Holocaust

Answer 21

• Ghettos
• Nuremberg laws
• Kristallnacht
• The Final Solution (how the nazis were going to exterminate Jews)
• Concentration/death camps

Question 22

Causes of the Russian Revolution

Answer 22

• Economic problems
• Bolsheviks
• Abdication of Tsar Nicholas II
• October Rev.
• Famine

Question 23

Effects of Industrialization

Answer 23

• Increases employment opportunities
• Creates middle class
• Lessens wage gap

Question 24

Capitalism

Answer 24

an economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit

Question 25

Socialism

Answer 25

a political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole

Question 26

Communism

Answer 26

a political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs

Question 27

Stalin's 5 Year Plans

Answer 27

- Goal was to turn Russia into a global superpower - Change from agricultural economy --> industrial economy

Question 28

Containment

Answer 28

Containment of communism (us doesn't want communism to spread)

Question 29

Spheres of Influence

Answer 29

a territory or region where an external group or institution holds power or authority in a foreign territory

Question 30

Boxer Rebellion

Answer 30

- Poor peasants/workers resented foreigners’ special privileges + Chinese Christians for adopting a foreign faith - Created the Society of Righteous & Harmonious Fists= Boxers results: - Strong sense of nationalism - China must resist more foreign intervention - Government must respond to their needs

Question 31

Mao Zedong

Answer 31

Mao Zedong = one of the founders of the Chinese Communist Party - Believed he could bring revolution to a rural country, where the peasants could be the true revolutionaries

Question 32

Cultural Revolution

Answer 32

- Goal: Cleanse China of anti-revolutionary influences - Purge of the Four Olds: Old customs, old culture, old habits, and old ideas

Question 33

The Great Leap Forward

Answer 33

Mao's 5 year plan: - Change China from a predominantly agrarian society to a modern, industrial society --> IMPOSSIBLE IN TIME FRAME - Moved millions into communes; all work shared - Farming cooperatives or small manufacturing - Daily tasks collectivized (e.g. cooking, childcare)

Question 34

Tiananmen Square Protests

Answer 34

- Started April 1989 - <100,000 occupy Tiananmen Sq - Protest for democracy - Gained widespread support - Many called for Deng Xiaoping to resign - Deng declared martial law