IHUM 201 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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1
Q

What is one of the ways that Abelard proposed that apparent contradictions could be resolved?

A

An author’s later writings may clarify and correct the earlier statement.

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2
Q

What was a reason for the rise of universities?

A

the growing power of central governments

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3
Q

Does Aquinas think that human beings can become happy through their own natural powers?

A

People cannot obtain perfect happiness through their own natural powers.

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4
Q

What is the goal of Aquinas’ Summa Theologica?

A

to harmonize human reason and God’s revealed truth as contained in the scriptures

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5
Q

What kind of life did Abelard lead before his turn to scholasticism?

A

a soldier’s life

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6
Q

Which of the early universities enjoyed the greatest reputation?

A

Paris

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7
Q

What is true about Heloise?

A

She and Abelard had a child, but they never got married.
She was able to attend the University of Paris because of her family connections.
X She was renowned for her learning in Greek, Latin, and Hebrew.
After her encounter with Abelard, she faded into obscurity.

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8
Q

Who wrote the Summa Theologica?

A

Thomas Aquinas

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9
Q

Who wrote “The Canticle of Brother Sun”?

A

Saint Francis of Assisi

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10
Q

What is scholasticism?

A

a methodology and philosophy that involved logic, questioning, and debate

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11
Q

What is true about Peter Abelard?

A

X He was placed on trial for heresy by Bernard of Clairvaux.
He argued that there are errors and real contradictions in the scriptures.
He was forced to be a scholar because he was the youngest son and had no inheritance.
He refused to teach at the University of Paris because it was too secular.

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12
Q

What was the goal of Sic et Non?

A

to discover truth and sharpen the wits of the students who used the book

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13
Q

To whom is Aquinas’ Summa Theologica dedicated?

A

The Virgin Mary

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14
Q

Who is the author of Sic et Non?

A

Peter Abelard

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15
Q

After the return of the papacy to Rome, what name was given to the split (1378-1417) in the Roman Catholic Church?

A

The Great Schism

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16
Q

Which two European countries were the main combatants in the Hundred Years’ War?

A

France and England

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17
Q

International style in painting

A

was characterized by lavish color and intricate decoration.

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18
Q

What musical qualities distinguished Ars Nova from the music of the previous era?

A

rhythmic and melodic complexity

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19
Q

Who composed the first polyphonic setting of the Mass by a single composer?

A

Guillaume de Machaut

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20
Q

What style is exemplified by Simone Martin’s Annunciation?

A

the International style

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21
Q

Where was the residence of the Papacy from 1309 to 1367?

A

Avignon

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22
Q

Which is true regarding Ars Nova?

A

It used richer harmonies.

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23
Q

What is true regarding the overarching results of the major events of the fourteenth century?

A

a strengthened sense of nationalism

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24
Q

What is isorhythm?

A

a repeated melody and rhythmic structure in a polyphonic musical piece

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25
What building is the city hall of Venice?
the Doges' Palace
26
Which is not part of the ordinary of the Mass?
the Dies Irae
27
Who wrote The Book of the City of Ladies?
Christine de Pizan
28
Who wrote Canzoniere?
Petrarch
29
Who wrote Canterbury Tales?
Geoffrey Chaucer
30
Who wrote The Divine Comedy?
Dante Alighieri
31
Who wrote "I Love the Glad Time of Easter"?
Bertran de Born
32
Who wrote "My Heart is Heavy"?
Beatriz (Comtessa de Dia)
33
The Divine Comedy is written in which poetic form?
Terza rima
34
What symbol of correction does the poet wear during his trip through Purgatory in The Divine Comedy?
A reed
35
What is true regarding the poet’s final vision of the Trinity in The Divine Comedy?
He sees three circles of light that share the same circumference.
36
What is the worst sin punished in the Inferno?
Treachery
37
Who offers the prayer to the Virgin Mary in Canto 33 of Paradisio?
Bernard of Clairvaux
38
Dante was originally from
Florence
39
What is contrapasso?
Poetic justice
40
What is Virgil representative of in The Divine Comedy?
Reason
41
What is true regarding Dante’s depiction of Satan?
He is an unspeaking, hairy beast.
42
In which circle does Dante encounter Paolo and Francesca?
The second
43
When the pardoner offers to let his fellow travelers kiss the relics in Canterbury Tales
the host insults him.
44
Dante’s former love is named
Beatrice
45
What is at the final section of Purgatory?
the Garden of Eden
46
Petrarch’s family moved from Italy to Avignon, France, because
the pope was now living there.
47
What is Petrarch’s “Letter to Posterity?”
an autobiography left unfinished at Petrarch’s death
48
Which poetic form was Petrarch largely responsible for popularizing?
Sonnet
49
Which of the following is a characteristic of humanism?
an emphasis on humanity’s lost and fallen state X the celebration of an individual’s personal experiences and feelings the idea that Fate or Providence are in control of one’s life the importance of focusing on the next life
50
The majority of Petrarch’s poems are about ________.
his love for Laura
51
What does the final line of the 90th poem mean? "The wound’s not healed, although the bow is slack."
Even though Love’s arrow struck him a long time ago, Petrarch still feels the wound.
52
How does Petrarch describe love in his 61st poem? (Blessed is the day)
He uses a series of paradoxes, such as sweet suffering.
53
In the 189th poem, Petrarch compares his experience with love to
a stormy voyage at sea.
54
In the 333rd poem, what is Petrarch’s “precious treasure in the earth?”
Laura’s dead body
55
In Pico della Mirandola’s Oration on the Dignity of Man, what does God tell Adam?
that Adam can be whatever he chooses to be
56
Which is true regarding Petrarch’s professional life?
He mainly refused permanent positions so that he could travel and work as he pleased.
57
A Petrarchan sonnet is defined by its
content number of stanzas rhyming scheme X all of the above
58
Petrarch actively sought fame, recognition, and reputation.
True
59
Petrarch regarded as his most important works
his poetry in Latin.
60
Which is true regarding Petrarch's love interest Laura?
She eventually returned Petrarch’s love. She wrote a series of poems back to Petrarch. X She died of the Black Plague. She became a nun.
61
Hierarchical scaling
The technique in which the most important people or pictorial elements are larger
62
Linear perspective
The technique which uses geometry to project space on a plane
63
Motet
A choral work that previously used religious text (but started using secular text in the Renaissance)
64
Madrigal
A song for two or three unaccompanied voices
65
Vellum
Animal skin used as a writing surface
66
Chiaroscuro
Gradations of value to create the illusion of rounded three-dimensional forms in space
67
Which Italian sculptors (father and son) demonstrate Roman and northern Gothic influences in their work?
Nicola and Giovanni Pisano
68
A cantus firmus mass is ________
a cyclical mass where all the movements are based on a single Gregorian chant
69
Masaccio’s fresco The Holy Trinity demonstrates a use of
linear perspective
70
Which of the following was not designed by Brunelleschi?
the dome of Florence Cathedral Pazzi Chapel the loggia of Ospedale degli Innocenti X Palazzo Rucellai
71
Which city was the most important center of the early Italian Renaissance?
Florence
71
Who was the greatest Florentine sculptor of the first half of the 1400s?
Donatello
72
Which artist wrote the first theoretical treatise about creating perspective in art?
Piero della Francesca
73
What famous painting of Sandro Botticelli celebrates the spring?
La Primavera
74
The artist who won the competition for the Florentine baptistery doors was:
Ghiberti
75
What is a chanson?
A popular song
76
What was Brunelleschi's contribution to the Florence Cathedral?
He designed the dome
77
Who is the artist of Madonna of the Rocks?
Leonardo
78
Who is the artist of Pieta?
Michelangelo
79
Who is the artist of Madonna of the Meadow
Raphael
80
Who is the artist of The School of Athens?
Raphael
81
Who is the artist of The Last Judgment?
Michelangelo
82
Who is the artist of The Last Supper?
Leonardo
83
The artist Benvenuto Cellini wrote an autobiographical account in which he noted the creation of:
casting a Perseus in bronze
84
Which Pope commissioned Bramante in 1506 to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica?
Pope Julius II
85
What moment is portrayed in Leonardo’s Last Supper?
when Jesus announces that one of the disciples will betray him
86
How was the final form of Saint Peter’s Basilica altered from Michelangelo’s plan?
An extensive portico was added and the nave extended.
87
In his letter to Ludovico Sforza, what was something Leonard did NOT list as one of his many abilities?
Being able to make a movable bridge. X Knowing secret passages to get places they need to. Being able to guide water from one place to another. Being able to command a small army.
88
What is sfumato?
the hazy, smoke-like effect in Leonardo’s paintings
89
The two central figures in Raphael's "School of Athens" are:
Plato and Aristotle
90
Which is true about Josquin des Prez?
He was Italian. His music is much more conservative than that of the preceding generation. X He demonstrated a careful attention to the relation between words and music. He only produced secular music.
91
Which of the following is NOT true about Pope Julius II?
he wanted to glorify Rome he commissioned the Sistine Chapel ceiling X he was noted for his piety and incorruptibility he was known as the Warrior Pope
92
Which is true regarding Raphael’s School of Athens?
It includes a self-portrait of the artist.
93
Text depiction or word painting is ________.
matching musical effects with the individual words being sung
94
In the Sistine Chapel, what are the subjects of the famous ceiling frescoes?
scenes and figures from the Bible
95
Why are rulers who wish to do so always able to deceive, according to Machiavelli?
People are generally stupid.
96
To what does Machiavelli attribute the success of Hannibal, the famous general from antiquity?
his inhuman cruelty
97
In what circumstances did Machiavelli write The Prince?
in exile from Florence
98
The setting for Castiglione’s work is
Urbino
99
Which is true about Castiglione?
He himself was a courtier and frequented the social elite.
100
In The Courtier, Magnifico argues that women imitate men
to gain their freedom
101
Why does Machiavelli compare Fortune to a river?
It can be stormy and overflow, but you can also make preparations against that.
102
Whom does Machiavelli cite as an example of a leader who successfully deceived people?
Pope Alexander VI
103
Regarding vices and virtues, Machiavelli writes that
some things that are supposed to be virtues will ruin a ruler if he does them.
104
What does the term uomo universale mean?
someone who is good at everything
105
What does Machiavelli suggest regarding qualities such as compassion, trustworthiness, and honesty?
A ruler should seem to possess them, but should depart from them when necessary.
106
In the final chapter, Machiavelli compares contemporary Italy to
the captive Hebrews in Egypt.
107
In addition to a river, Machiavelli compares Fortune to
a woman
108
According to Castiglione, the ultimate purpose of the ideal courtier is
to influence the ruler for good
109
What does Duke Valentino do to Remirro de Orco, his loyal agent who has imposed Valentino’s rule on Romagna?
He has him executed.
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