1
Q
Barrel Vault
A
A continuous arch or vault that looks like a semi circle in cross section
2
Q
Oculus
A
A circular opening in the top of a dome to allow the entry of natural light
3
Q
Triumphal arch
A
A monumental structure of one or more arch passageways, often spanning a road, representing military victories
4
Q
Dome
A
A vaulted roof usually with a circular base like a half sphere
5
Q
Sarcophagus
A
A coffin
6
Q
Verism
A
A style of extreme realism in which one carefully reproduces visual appearances, including flaws
7
Q
What city was the center of imperial life in the Roman Empire in the fifth and early sixth centuries?
A
Constantinople
8
Q
Who is the Roman equivalent to the Greek god Zeus?
A
Jupiter
9
Q
What people occupied Rome from 616 to 510 B.C.E.?
A
Etruscans
10
Q
Which emperor established Christianity as the official religion of the Roman Empire?
A
Emperor Constantine
11
Q
What elements of the Temple of Portunus did the Romans borrow from the Etruscans?
A
elevated podium and columned porch
12
Q
According to the Ara Pacis, how did Augustus want to be remembered by future generations?
A
as a bringer of peace and stability
13
Q
What is depicted on Trajan’s Column?
A
the story of the Dacian War
14
Q
What was the name of the large open space in the center of Rome used for meetings of the Senate and the assemblies of the people?
A
Forum
15
Q
What was the function of the Pont du Gard?
A
It was an aqueduct.
16
Q
What were the Markets of Trajan?
A
Equivalent of a mall with offices and shops on several floors (Apollodorus of Damascus)
17
Q
Who was the first emperor of the Roman Empire?
A
Augustus
18
Q
“Carpe Diem”
A
Horace
19
Q
“The Tale of Pyramus and Thisbe”
A
Ovid
20
Q
“Love has come at last”
A
Sulpicia
21
Q
Satire III
A
Juvenal
22
Q
How does Aeneas and his crew end up at Carthage?
A
Venus directs them there
23
Q
Who wrote The Aeneid?
A
Virgil
24
Q
What happens to Aeneas’s wife during the fall of Troy?
A
She gets lost and is killed, appearing to him as a ghost.
25
What is the name of the priest that warns the Trojans of the deception of the wooden horse?
Laocoon
26
Why does Aeneas get so angry at Turnus?
Because Turnus killed Pallas
27
Who is the mother of Aeneas?
Venus
28
Which of the following is NOT true of Dido?
She founded a thriving city
She has a supportive sister
She commits suicide
X She accepts that Aeneas must leave
29
Who is the divine messenger who tells Aeneas he must leave Carthage?
Mercury
30
Which of the following people is NOT someone Aeneas sees in the Underworld?
Dido
Anchises
Augustus
X Virgil
31
Why does Aeneas leave Dido?
He is commanded to do so by the gods.
32
What convinces Aeneas to flee with his family instead of leaving them to fight the Greeks?
Divine signs (a flame that appears and a shooting star) indicate that he should leave.
33
What promise does Jupiter make to Juno?
That he will allow the Latins to retain their name
34
Which divinity is dedicated to the success of Carthage?
Juno
35
What Roman philosophy discussed atoms?
Epicurianism
36
What Roman philosophy discussed "the wheel"?
Stoicism
37
What Roman philosophy discussed "externals"?
Stoicism
38
What Roman philosophy discussed life after death?
Neo-Platonism
39
What Roman philosophy discussed social duty?
Stoicism
40
What Roman philosophy discussed moderation?
Epicurianism
41
According to Lucretius, the earth and sky
will one day be destroyed.
42
The ruling principle in the Stoic universe is
order
43
For the Epicureans, the state of a mind free of anxiety and fear is also known as
Ataraxia
44
T/F Neo-Platonists had no universally-agreed upon description of the One.
True
45
Who wrote Meditations?
Marcus Aurelius
46
What is Plotinus' concept of the One?
a transcendent, unknowable, and good being who had created life
47
What did the Epicureans recommend regarding social engagement?
One should only have friends, in order to avoid emotional disturbances.
48
What did Stoicism recommend regarding social engagement?
There was a philosophical duty to interact with others and help improve things.
49
Who is the author of On the Nature of Things?
Lucretius
50
Who is the father of Neo-Platonism?
Plotinus
51
For the Stoics, the thing that all human beings share is
reason
52
The metaphor of the wheel for the Stoics was used to illustrate that
change is inevitable and cyclical
53
Palaestrio
Wily slave
54
Philocomasium
Prostitute with a heart of gold
55
Pleusicles
Young lover
56
Pyrgopolynices
Braggart soldier
57
Artotrogus
Parasite/flatterer
58
Periplectomenus
Old man
59
Comedy as an art form began as
a celebration of Dionysus
60
In addition to his high opinion of his military might, Pyrgopolynices also
thinks that women can’t resist him.
61
What does Pyrgopolynices decide to do with Palaestrio?
He gives him to Philocomasium.
62
How does Milphidippa persuade Pyrgopolynices to go into Periplectomenus’s house?
She tells him that Acroteleutium owns the house and has kicked out Periplectomenus.
63
What typical characteristics of Roman comedy do we see in The Braggart Soldier?
use of stock characters
64
In The Braggart Soldier, why is the young woman Philocomasium with the soldier?
He carried her off against her will from Athens.
65
What role is Pleusicles supposed to play in Palaestrio’s scheme?
a ship captain
66
How does Palaestrio contrive to have the two young lovers pursue their relationship?
He creates a hole in the wall between the two houses.
67
How is the lovers’ relationship discovered by Sceledrus?
He sees them together from the roof while chasing a monkey.
68
Does Pyrgopolynices ever discover the truth about the young lovers?
Yes
69
Shorter farcical plays that accompanied tragedies are called
satyr plays
70
Clerestory
A series of small arched windows in the upper part of a church
71
Atrium
An open courtyard surrounded by an arcade
72
Narthex
An entrance leading from the atrium into the church
73
Fresco
Wall paintings on wet plaster
74
Transept
The cross part of the church creating the shape of the cross
75
Nave
The central part of the church constructed for the congregation to gather
76
Apse
The semicircular area in a basilica
77
Which former Jewish persecutor of the Christians became an important figure in the spread of Christianity?
Paul
78
What did the Chi-Rho monogram refer to?
the first two letters of the Greek word for Christ
79
What does the Hebrew word messiah mean?
"anointed one"
80
Using Saint Jerome’s different levels of scriptural interpretation, what is the allegorical meaning of the story of Jonah?
Jonah’s time in the belly of the fish and subsequent safe return to land prefigure Christ’s death and resurrection.
81
In which city did Paul preach that he was sent by the “unknown god” to which the people had built an altar?
Athens
82
What is a reason why early Christians were persecuted by the government of Rome?
They refused to worship the state gods.
83
What are the four levels of Saint Jerome's scriptural meaning
literal, allegorical, moral, and anagogical
84
Which early Christian symbol was seen as an acronym for the phrase “Jesus Christ, Son of God and Savior?”
the fish
85
What are the four most important sources of information about the life of Jesus?
Four gospels
86
Who were the apologists?
Those who wrote in defense of Christianity
87
Which is true regarding Augustine’s family when he was a child?
His mother was Christian and his father was pagan.
88
What message from the scriptures brings about Augustine’s conversion?
He reads Paul’s admonition to leave aside sins and become holy through Christ.
89
Which is true regarding Augustine’s studies as a boy?
He loved literature.
90
Why did Augustine and his friends steal pears?
because it was wrong to do
91
Where was Augustine born?
North Africa
92
For Augustine, the ultimate goal in life is
to love God and do God’s will.
93
Augustine writes that infants
are selfish and sinners.
94
Augustine believed that war could be just.
True
95
Augustine addresses his autobiography to whom?
God
96
What was Augustine’s general philosophy of history?
History is linear, predetermined, and controlled by God.
97
Augustine claims that he learned how to speak
so that he could get things he wanted.
98
As an adolescent, Augustine’s most significant vice was
sexual immorality.
99
What was the chief concern of Augustine’s parents when he was an adolescent?
his secular education
100
Who is ultimately responsible for Augustine’s conversion?
God
101
Which is true regarding the style of the Confessions?
X It includes numerous quotations from scriptures.
It is so private that we still don’t understand some of the allusions and references.
It is written in imitation of the best Classical authors.
It includes lots of passages from epic poetry.
102
What was the capital of the western Roman empire in 402 CE?
Ravenna
103
What was the capital of the Eastern Roman empire in 330 CE?
Constantinople
104
Where was the Hagia Sophia?
Constantinople
105
Where was the San Vitale?
Ravenna
106
Where was the Mausoleum of Galla Placida?
Ravenna
107
Where was the Church of Sant-Apollinare Nuovo?
Ravenna
108
How is an icon different from a normal painting?
It is viewed as sacred and is used in religious worship.
109
What did the Emperor Justinian do regarding Roman law?
He had it collected and codified.
109
The key theoretical element behind the entire conception of the Hagia Sophia is ______.
Light
110
What are pendentives?
Triangular masonry devices that distribute the weight of a dome
111
Why did Justinian close the last surviving Platonic academy?
He considered it to be a pagan institution.
112
The Pantheon is to ancient Roman Architecture as the _________ is to Byzantine Architecture
Hagia Sophia
113
To what use was Hagia Sophia converted after the Turks assumed control?
A mosque
114
What happened to Ravenna in AD 540?
Justinian sent troops to drive the Ostrogoths out
115
For what type of art is the Mausoleum of Galla Placidia famous?
Mosaics
116
Early Christian and Byzantine art use which ancient Roman art form?
Mosaics
117
The Church of Sant’Apollinare Nuovo has mosaics in two different styles. The uppermost mosaics, featuring scenes from the Gospels, are in which style?
Late Roman (The lower mosaics of a procession of saints was a Byzantium style)
118
What famous church was commissioned during Theodoric's reign?
the Church of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo
119
Cloister
Enclosed garden and walkways in the interior of a monastery
120
Scriptorium
Library and copying area of a monastery
121
Refectory
Eating hall in a monastery
122
Chapter house
Meeting room in a monastery where a chapter of the Rule of St. Benedict's is read daily
123
Ambulatory
A continuation of side aisles that extends behind the apse to allow for traffic into chapels
124
Tribune gallery
Second-story space between the arcade and clerestory used for traffic
125
Where is "Last Judgment Tympanum at Autun" found?
Cathedral of Saint-Lazare
126
Who was Hildegard of Bingen?
a Benedictine nun and author
127
What is melisma?
an intricate series of musical notes
128
Which is true regarding Charlemagne and education?
He encouraged education, founded several schools, and also sought learning himself.
129
What are the hallmark features of Romanesque architecture?
Fortress-like appearance, rounded arches, small windows
130
Who was the author of the most famous "Rule" in western monasticism?
Saint Benedict
131
Who was an important Anglo-Saxon scholar at Charlemagne's court in Aachen?
Alcuin of York
132
Charlemagne was king of the
Franks
133
In what town did Charlemagne build his palace and royal chapel?
Aachen
134
What is feudalism?
A hierarchical structure in which lesser rulers are bound by acts of fealty to higher ones.
135
What historical event does the Bayeux Tapestry commemorate?
The Battle of Hastings in 1066
136
Who is Scyld?
Founding dynastic king who dies at the beginning of Beowulf, Hrothgar's father
137
Hrothgar
Danish king who builds a hall
138
Grendel
Monster of the race of cain
139
Breca
Man who challenges Beowulf to a swimming contest
140
Unferth
One of the Danes who taunts Beowulf for his swimming match
141
Wealhtheow
Queen of the Danes who welcomes Beowulf
142
Why does Grendel eat people?
he is cursed by God
143
How long does Grendel torment Hrothgar and his people?
twelve years
144
When Beowulf introduces himself, he first describes himself as:
one of king Higelac's companions
145
In the poem, the king's supporters are known as:
Thanes
146
What does the name "Heorot" mean?
Decorated with antlers
147
Why is Beowulf sure he will win the contest against Grendel?
God is on his side
148
What epithet do Beowulf's people use for him when he dies?
Gentlest of men
149
Beowulf ends up as king of the:
Geats
150
How does Beowulf reach Hrothgar's realm?
By ship
151
What is the role of the queen Wealhtheow in the poem?
to welcome strangers to the hall
152
Beowulf's armor, when he fights Grendel, consists of:
None at all
153
What does the kenning 'ring-giver' mean in the context of the poem?
A king
154
Archivolt
A sculpted ornamental molding around an arched opening
155
Nave arcade
A series of arches supported by piers separating the nave form the side aisles
156
Rose window
An elaborately designed circular window sectioned by mullions
157
Jamb figures
Sculptures carved to decorate cathedral portals
158
An external support masonry support for a Gothic structure is a(n)________.
Flying buttress
159
How is a typical Gothic apse different from a traditional Romanesque apse?
Double ambulatory
160
In the tympanum of Chartres Cathedral that depicts Mary as the Seat of Wisdom, what surrounds her in the archivolts?
The symbols of the seven liberal arts
161
For what contribution is Abbot Suger most famous?
He introduced the major features which defined Gothic architecture.
162
Which religious figure becomes prominent in Gothic art and sculpture?
the Virgin Mary, mother of Jesus
163
Which of the following is a distinctive characteristic of Gothic architecture?
Pointed arch
164
What is the term used to describe early polyphony where the voices maintain the same musical interval while singing the same melody?
Parellel organum
165
Which of the following forms is NOT polyphonic?
parallel organum
free organum
motets
X gregorian chant
166
What is the term used to describe early polyphony where one voice maintains the basic chant melody while the upper voices sung the same syllable but in elaborate melodic developments?
melismatic organum
167
Where would you hear motets?
In a church
168
Which is NOT of spiritual importance to stained glass windows?
The light of the sun shines through them to illuminate them, like the light of God shines through Christian believers
They depict stories from the Old Testament
X The deep red hue represents Christ's blood
They depict stories from the New Testament
169
Which best describes the attitude of a knight towards his lady according to courtly love?
The knight is to be subservient to the lady’s wishes.
170
How did Saint Bernard of Clairvaux interpret the Song of Solomon (or the Song of Songs)?
as an expression of love between God and the Church
171
In “The Lay of the Nightingale,” what does the husband do to the nightingale?
He catches and kills it
172
In “The Lay of the Nightingale,” what does the woman respond to her husband when questioned about why she gets up at night?
She says that she gets up to listen to the song of the nightingale.
173
Courtly love refers to
a new attitude celebrating love that shows up first in the songs of the troubadours.
174
What does the neighboring knight do at the end of “The Lay of the Nightingale?”
He makes a jeweled box in which he keeps the body of the nightingale.
175
In “The Lay of the Nightingale,” which best describes the relationship between the woman and her neighbor?
They are in love with each other, but they only express it in words and glances.
176
Courtly love narratives portrayed the dream of
being able to marry the beloved.
177
What is true about Marie de France’s prologue?
She says that since she has a gift, she is bound to share it.
178
Which of the following is not a language that Marie de France most likely knew?
Latin
French
English
X Spanish
179
Which of the following is one of the “rules of love” from Andreas Capellanus?
Public revelation of love is deadly to love in most instances.
180
Marie de France most likely lived and produced her works at the court of
Henry II of England
181
Who were the troubadours?
Poets (including nobility) who wrote love songs
IHUM 201
flashcards
Decks in class (3)
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