Scripts (script theory)
large scale semantic memory derived from episodic knowledge that guides our interpretation and and comprehension
Headers (script theory)
key concepts that activate a script; generally require two
Frames (script theory)
specific details of the script
Default values (in frames)
common or familiar info; activated in the absence of contrary information
Schema-copy-plus-tag Theory
script acts as primary memory and then specific memories of a particular event are attached to the script; represents semantic integration or reconstructive memory
Grice Conversation rules
the implicit contract for effective conversing; cooperative principle- implicity assumes all speakers follow these rules
Relevance- rule 1
contribution relates to current conversation
Quantity- rule 2
appropriate amount of information is offered
Quality- rule 3
what is shared is true
Manner and tone- rule 4
clear, polite, and taking turns to avoid interruption
Misinformation Effect Definition
information following an episode or event has a retroactive negative influence on that memory (causing the memory to be incorrect)
Alteration Effect Hypothesis (Misinformation effect)
new information impacts and changes initial assumption/memory to make a new one; old memory no longer exists
Misinformation Effect- Loftus and Colleagues
looked at impact of leading questions for eyewitness testimony; viewed video of minor traffic accident; asked “how fast when they hit?” or “how fast when smashed into eachother?”; influened the response or misinformation
Coexistence Hypothesis (misinformation effect)
original (correct) memory is maintained, but when misinformation creates a new memory that one is easier to recall due to recency effect
