Final

Question 1

Absolute Rule

Answer 1

monarchy- when one person rules over all the government

Question 2

Montesquieu (4)

Answer 2

• believed power should check power
• said Britain’s three branches of government was the best: Judicial, Executive, Legislative
• Book: on the spirit of laws

Question 3

John Locke (4)

Answer 3

• people learn from experiences and improve
• natural rights: life, liberty, property
• government must protect people’s natural rights
• people can rebel if government fails to protect rights

Question 4

Thomas Hobbes (3)

Answer 4

• taught that the people want monarchy to be safe from anarchy
• Hobbes wrote a book: Leviathan (means sea monster)
• Idea of a social contract: agreement between people and government

Question 5

Joseph 2 of Austria (4)

Answer 5

• ended serfdom by having serfs paid
• supported freedom of religion
• made elementary education mandatory
• lover and patron of the arts

Question 6

Catherine the Great of Russia (7)

Answer 6

-well education, allowed education
-reforms included hospitals and vaccinations
-expanded Russian empire
^poland and black sea
-wanted to abolish serfdom
^offended by serf uprising
^never abolished serfdom

Question 7

Diderot (5)

Answer 7

-wrote the encyclopedia
^ a collection of articles from enlightened thinkers
-said science + reason brought more than religion
^angered church and government officials

Question 8

Marie-Therese Geoffrin (4)

Answer 8

• most famous salon hostess
• weekly dinners
• generous
• sympathetic listener

Question 9

Copernicus

Answer 9

scientist that reasoned that sun was center of the universe

Question 10

Newton: Laws of Gravity (4)

Answer 10

^motion in heaven and earth linked
-Book Principia offered proof of his hypothesis that God was the creator of this orderly universe
^God as a clockmaker
^deism

Question 11

henry fielding

Answer 11

wrote Tom Jones orphan who travels the world to win his lady

Question 12

Janssen

Answer 12

made microscope

Question 13

Bastille Day (7)

Answer 13

-July 14, 1789
-mobs forming in paris
^over high cost of bread, high taxes, and wasteful spending
-mobs wanted Bastille’s supply of gunpowder for defense against the king
-bastille becomes symbol of the act of revolution
-bastille day = 4th of july
-us response= neutrality

Question 14

Congress of Vienna (2)

Answer 14

• members and representatives, five major powers: Austria, Russia, Prussia, Great Britain, France
• Klemens von Metternich of Austria created congress of vienna

Question 15

Policy known as continental system (6)

Answer 15

-blockade of great britain
-attempt to paralyze Great Britain’s trade
-why blockade failed
^smugglers
^Czar Alexander (of Prussia) continued to sell grain to britain
^britain captured, searched, and taxed french ships

Question 16

Russian campaign (8)

Answer 16

-czar alexander refused to stop selling grain to britain
-czar alexander pulls back- uses scorched earth policy
^left napoleon’s army without any resources
-grand alliance forms: sweden, britain, prussia, & austria
-Battle of nations (leipzig)
^beginning of the end for napoleon
-generals refuse to fight and napoleon sent into exile to elba by alexander I

Question 17

Schlieffen Plan

Answer 17

• Schlieffen Plan was defeated at the price of Russian soldier’s lives
• plan was to go around france into paris and surprise them

Question 18

November 11, 1918

Answer 18

World War One Armistice signed

Question 19

otto van bismarck (8)

Answer 19

-prussian chancellor unites Germany
-OVB intervention to keep France isolated failed
-OVB formed the Three Emperors League
^Russia, Austria-Hungary, and Germany
-Leagues failed
^Russian wants the Balkans
^OVB hosts congress of berlin and gives balkans to Austria Hungary
^Russia infuriated and leave league

Question 20

unrestricted warfare 
(3)

Answer 20

• shown through blowing up lusitania
• US enters war
• German torpedo hit lusitania ship

Question 21

Treaty of Versailles (7)

Answer 21

1. germany signs a statement taking responsibility for the war
2. Germany had to pay reparations (1.3 billion)
3. League of Nations is formed-Germany left out and humiliated
4. Self determination granted in Eastern European Countries
5. Germany demilitarized
6. Germany can never unify with Austria
7. Germany loses colonies and territories

Question 22

Franz (5)

Answer 22

-Sophia and Franz Ferdinand
^heir to Austria-Hungary throne
-Gavrilo Princip
^black hand movement 
^wanted an indenpendent Serbia

Question 23

Balkan (4)

Answer 23

-Leagues failed
^Russian wants the Balkans
^OVB hosts congress of berlin and gives balkans to Austria Hungary
^Russia infuriated and leave league

Question 24

Kaiser William II failures (7)

Answer 24

1. fails to create a Russian Alliance
   -french reaps the benefit with a treaty to Russia
   ^promise to come to each other’s aid in war
2. challenges Britain
   -ship building
   -colonization
   ^british forms treaties with Russia + France, forming triple entente

Question 25

Frederick the Great of Persia (4)

Answer 25

^built prussia into a power ^close friends with Voltaire -argued over Fredrick's militarism ^called himself "servant of the state"

Question 26

-Thomas Jefferson

Answer 26

wrote DoI

Question 27

bourgeoisie

Answer 27

third estate/middle class

Question 28

7 things to remember about Louis the 14th of France

Answer 28

1. Became king after cardinal Mazarin's death 2. weakened the power of nobled w intendants 3. Jean Baptiste Colbert as minister of finance 4. Louis the 14th rejected the edict of nantes 5. Splendors of Versailles 6. Military endeavors 7. died at age 77

Question 29

Absolutism in Russia- Peter the Great of Russia (3)

Answer 29

Europeanization or westernizing bring change: 1. strengthened the Czar's powers 2. ended Russia's isolation, making them a part of european affairs

Question 30

Louis the 14th rejected the edict of nantes (3)

Answer 30

-same religion shows support for the king -Hugenots flee france ~robbed france of skilled workers

Question 31

Splendors of Versailles (5)

Answer 31

a. hated paris becuase of france rebellion b. visual display of Louis's power c. patronage - moliere was his favorite writer - wanted to glorify the king

Question 32

war of spanish succession (4)

Answer 32

~europe unites in hatred against France +treaty of utrecnt ends war of spanish succession _louis 14th grandson could rule in spain, but not unite w france _great britain granted Asiento which gave slave trading rights

Question 33

william and mary (2)

Answer 33

- developed constitutional monarchy (government where laws limit powers) - developed a bill of rights

Question 34

Land, Liberty, Brotherhood

Answer 34

motto for french revolution

Question 35

Mein Kampf: my struggle- 1925 (5)

Answer 35

-Hitler's book -political ambitions -plan to overthrow republic -hatred for jews ^hated them because they were blamed for troubles in WW1 among other things

Question 36

Nazism and Fascism (4)

Answer 36

- political parties - Nazism: Hitler/ Germany, nationalism - Fascism: authority in one personL Mussolini in Italy

Question 37

Treaty of Brest Litovsk (3)

Answer 37

- one front war for Germany - Russia exits WW1 - betrayal of Allies Britain and France

Question 38

Militarism (2)

Answer 38

- European nations build armies to protect themselves from other nations - european nations are glorifying military power and have a readiness to go to war

Question 39

Japan invades Manchuria (3)

Answer 39

- oil reserves - empire building - install a puppet government

Question 40

Munich Conference/ Appeasement (2)

Answer 40

- appeasement: to give something to satisfy someone | - Chamberlain of Britain gives Hitler Czech land

Question 41

Mussolini invades Ethiopia (2)

Answer 41

- league of nations does nothing | - ehtiopia has mines for resources