1
Q
What are the 3 levels of prevention? What are they?
A
- primary is prevention of INITIAL occurrence of disease or injury
- secondary is EARLY identification and TREATMENT of disease or injury to limit disability
- tertiary MAXIMIZES recovery AFTER an injury or illness
2
Q
What is acute care?
A
provided in hospital settings
3
Q
What is community based care?
A
- ambulatory care
- surgical centers
- clinics
- dr. offices
- home
4
Q
what is community health nursing?
A
- defined by philosophy of practice
- family centered care
- a nursing specialty like OB
5
Q
what does clinical judgment include?
A
- holistic approach
- noticing, interpreting, responding, and reflecting
6
Q
what are the four main factors that affect blood pressure?
A
- peripheral resistance
- vessel elasticity
- blood volume
- cardiac output
7
Q
what can negatively affect your blood pressure?
A
- lack of exercise
- consuming too much alcohol
- smoking
- long term chronic stress
8
Q
what is orthostatic hypertension?
A
the fall in blood pressure when a person stands
9
Q
what are the four categories of infection?
A
- parasitic
- fungal
- bacterial
- viral
10
Q
what is the infectious process?
A
- incubation period
- prodromal stage
- illness stage
- convalescence
11
Q
what is the chain of infection?
A
- pathogen
- susceptible host
- reservoir
- portal of exit from reservoir
- mode of transportation
- portal of entry to susceptible host
12
Q
what populations are at greatest risk for infection?
A
- very young
- poor
- uninsured
- residents of areas with prevalent infection
13
Q
what are the principles of surgical asepsis?
A
- A sterile object remains sterile only when touched by another sterile object
- Only sterile objects may be placed on a sterile field
- A sterile object or field out of range of vision or an object held below a person’s waist is contaminated
- A sterile object or fields become contaminated by prolonged exposure to air
- Sterile surface comes in contact with a wet, contaminated surface, the sterile object or field becomes contaminated by papillary action
- Fluid flows in the direction of gravity
- Edges of sterile field or container are considered contaminated
14
Q
what is the order of donning?
A
hand hygiene, gown, mask, eyewear, gloves
15
Q
what is the order of doffing?
A
gloves, eyewear, gown, mask, hand hygiene
16
Q
what is the nursing process?
A
- assessment
- diagnosis
- planning
- implementation
- elavuation
17
Q
how do you write an actual nursing diagnosis?
A
diagnosis r/t etiology AMB s/s
18
Q
what do you do if you make a mistake while documenting?
A
draw one line through it, initial, and date it
19
Q
what is the only thing that you can document in?
A
black ink
20
Q
1 kg = how many lbs
A
2.2 lbs
21
Q
is this a correct test question answer? .75 cm
A
- no
- should have a 0 in front
- 0.75 cm
22
Q
milligrams to micrograms to grams
A
1 gram = 1,000 mg = 1,000,000 mcg
23
Q
teaspoons to mL
A
1 tsp = 5 mL
24
Q
tablespoons to mL
A
1 T = 15 mL
25
teaspoons to tablespoons
3 tsp = 1 T
26
cups to ounces to milliliters
1 cup = 8 oz = 240 mL
27
The order is for 50 mg. The pharmacy sends 25 mg tablets. How many will the nurse give?
2 tablets
28
The order is for 1.2 gram. The pharmacy sends 0.4 gram tablets. How many tablets will the nurse give?
3 tablets
29
what are BADLs?
basic activities of daily living
30
what are IADLs?
instrumental activities of daily living
31
what is QSEN?
quality and safety education for nurses to minimize the risk of harm to patients and providers
32
what is the most important way to prevent the spread of disease?
hand washing
33
what is the 8th leading cause of death?
medication errors
34
what does RACE stand for?
rescue, alarm, confine, and extinguish
35
what does PASS stand for?
pull, aim, squeeze, and spray
36
how long is the sleep cycle?
90 to 100 minutes
37
what is shear?
- when a patient slides down in bed
| - caused by friction
38
how often do you turn someone that is on bed rest?
q 2 hrs
39
what is constipation? diarrhea? flatulence? impaction? incontinence?
- hard, dry, small stools
- several times as liquid
- excessive painful gas
- extreme constipation
- inability to control passage of feces and urine
40
what are hemorrhoids?
dilated engorged veins in the lining of the rectum
41
what is the most common HAI? what is it caused by?
- UTIs
| - catheterizations
42
what is urinary retention? stress incontinence? urge incontinence? transient?
- accumulation of urine due to the inability to empty bladder
- sneezing and coughing causes urine to leak out
- all of a sudden you have a strong urge to urinate
- an acute incontinence that comes and goes
43
what is culture? ethnicity? race?
- learned and provides direction for decisions and actions
- a group of people based off of their heritage
- biological attributes
44
what is an example of enculturation?
transfer student from another country learning norms of America
45
what is an example of acculturation?
immigrant from China develops a love for western foods and music
46
ethnocentrism example?
white supremacy
47
what is the gate control theory of pain?
that pain has emotional and cognitive components as well as physical
48
acute pain
new onset with cause
49
chronic pain
- slow onset without cause
| - longer than 3 months
50
what are the side effects of opioids?
- constipation
- nausea
- vomiting
- urinary retention
- altered renal function
- itch/rash
- dry mouth
- respiratory depression
51
what is Lewin's change model?
- unfreezing is to create an awareness of the changes that needs to be made
- changing is to make the change
- refreezing is to solidify the changes
52
what is healthy people 2020's and what does it do?
- health promotion and disease prevention strategy for the nation
- guide individuals toward making informed health decisions
- measure the impact of prevention activities
53
what are the overarching goals of healthy people 2020?
- Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death.
- Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups.
- Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all.
- Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages.
54
what is a health promotion?
- used to make an already well person feel better
| - example is eye glasses
55
What is primary care?
preventative care
56
what is secondary and tertiary care?
- acute care
| - diagnosis and treatment
57
what is restorative care? what are 3 types?
- serves patients recovering from an acute or chronic illness/disability
- home care
- rehabilitation
- extended care in a facility like a rehab facility or nursing facility
58
what is assisted living?
- a long term care setting with a home environment
- services include laundry, meals, personal care, housekeeping, and 24 hour oversight
- allows residents to live in their own units
59
what is respite care?
- provides a short term relief for persons providing home care to an ill older adult
- settings can be home, day care, or health care instituition
- trained volunteers allow family caregivers to leave the home to run errands or social time
60
what is an adult day care center?
- -provide health and social services to populations who live in the community
- services can include daily physical rehabilitation and counseling
61
what is hospice?
- focuses on palliative care
- can be provided at home, in a homelike setting, or hospital
- during terminal illness and time of death
62
what is palliative care?
- not curative
| - comfort, independence, and dignity
63
stereotypes of older adults?
- ill, disabled, and unattractive
- forgetful, confused, boring
- unable to learn new things
- not interested in sex
64
developmental tasks for older adults?
- death of friends and family
- retirement and reduced or fixed income
- changes in quality of life or living arrangements
- failing health
65
what is delirium? dementia? depression?
- acute confusional state
- generalized impairment of intellectual functioning
- a mood disturbance characterized by feelings of sadness and despair
66
what impact does technology have on nursing?
-it does not take the place of sound personal judgment
Nursing 101
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