Final Exam

Question 1

Which of the following is the correct way to type the scientific nume of Coust Live Oak, a California native treet

Answer 1

Quercus agrifolia (italicized)

Question 2

Cultivars (cultivated varieties) like broccoli, cauliflower, kale, cabbage, Brussels sprouts, and kohlrabi are all the same species, but have different desirable traits. How are these traits maintained in cultivation?

Answer 2

humans asexually propagate plants with these traits, or only let similar plants cross pollinate with each other

Question 3

Species Plantarum was published in 1753, which standardized plant names into binomials, by:

Answer 3

Carl Linnaeus

Question 4

The two photosystems which are connected to each other via the Electron Transport Chain are composed primarily of:

Answer 4

chlorophyll

Question 5

Chlorophyll primarily absorbs which wavelengths (colors) of visible light? (Select all that apply)

Answer 5

Blue and red

Question 6

Plants that utilize a C4 photosynthetic pathway are unique from C3 plants because: (Select all that apply)

Answer 6

• They absorb COz out of the atmosphere using PEP Carboxylase instead of RUBISCO
• They spatially separate the absorption of COz in their mesophyll cells from the sugar production in their bundle sheath cells

Question 7

When the Belgian scientist Jan Baptist van Helmont planted a willow branch in a pot of soil and only watered it for 5 years, what did he discover after he weighed the willow, the pot, and the soil?

Answer 7

the soil hadn’t gained any mass

Question 8

Ifa molecule, like NADP+, gains electrons and a hydrogen ion (H+) from another molecule or enzyme, it is now:

Answer 8

Reduced

Question 9

Approximately how many plant species use C3 photosynthesis?

Answer 9

90%

Question 10

Which of the following statements accurately summarizes the general dynasties of the earths atmosphere?

Answer 10

concentrations of greenhouse gasses have changed over time, as have global temperature

Question 11

Which molecule absorbs energy from sunlight to help drive photosynthesis?

Answer 11

chlorophyll

Question 12

Which of the following environmental conditions would be expected to contribute to relatively high rates of evapotranspiration (water loss) in plant leaves?

Answer 12

hot, sunny weather

Question 13

When RUBISCO absorbs oxygen (Os) instead of carbon dioxide (CO?) during the light independent reactions of photosynthesis, what is the result?

Answer 13

photorespiration occurs and the plant must sacrifice some ATP and NADPH

Question 14

Scientific names for plants are often: (Select all that apply)

Answer 14

• descriptive, indicating the colors of features, or some other physical aspect of the plants body
• commemorative, celebrating botanically knowledgeable or influential individuals, or geographic places
• Latinized, often with Greek, Arabic, or other ancient or indigenous language roots

Question 15

CAM and C4 photosynthesis are alternative pathways to typical C3. They are adaptive in what kind of environments?

Answer 15

hot, dry environments

Question 16

The dry (non-water) mass of a tree primarily comes from:

Answer 16

Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

Question 17

If oxygen is absent in an organism’s cells, which process of cellular respiration is not able to proceed?

Answer 17

the Electron Transport Chain inside mitochondria

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about a plant that utilizes C4 photosynthesis?

Answer 18

it absorbs carbon dioxide (COz) from the atmosphere using PEP Carboxylase

Question 19

Which of the following are the primary products (outputs) of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

Answer 19

electron-rich NADPH and high-energy ATP

Question 20

A plant has been genetically engineered so that no RUBISCO is produced: If you were to isolate cells from the plant and placed them under sunlight, which of the following would NOT occur?

Answer 20

absorption of CO2

Question 21

To provide a constant supply of electrons to photosystems l and Il, water molecules are split into hydrogen sons, oxygen stoms, and electrons in which part of photosynthesis?

Answer 21

the light dependent reactions

Question 22

Which of the following are byproducts (not ATP) of cellular respiration? Select the two (2) correct byprodacts

Answer 22

• carbon dioxide
• water

Question 23

Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) occurs in many succulent plants and is a photosynthetic pathway in which:

Answer 23

CO2 absorption and the Calvin Cycle occur at different times (CO, at night, Calvin Cycle during the day)

Question 24

Most of the ATP harvested (gained) from breaking down glucose during cellular respiration occurs during:

Answer 24

the Electron Transport Chain and associated ATP synthase inside mitochondria

Question 25

In Latin binomials (i.e, scientific names of organisms), the second part of each name (e.g. sempervirens of Sequoia sempervirens) of is referred to as the:

Answer 25

specific epithet

Question 26

Using common names for plants is problematic because:

Answer 26

all of the above are correct

Question 27

Where is chlorophyll located in a plant cell?

Answer 27

embedded in the thylakoid membrane of a chloroplast

Question 28

Afler the British scientist Joseph Priestley placed a mouse in a sealed glass jar and noticed that the mouse died afer a short whole, be then placed another mouse along with a plant inside the jar and placed it in the sun. What did he conclude about this new arrangement?

Answer 28

the plant produced oxygen which the mouse needed to live

Question 29

Since the 1950's, Earth's amospheric composition (ineloding CU, has been sampled on the Big island of Flawar's general trend has this greenhouse gas been following?

Answer 29

CO2 concentrations are generally increasing

Question 30

“Plants have feelings too. When I play soothing music to my house plant, it knows that I love it, and it loves me back. My plant will grow faster and towards my positive energy, because it wants to be closer to me." This statement is an example of

Answer 30

Anthropomorphism

Question 31

If you want to asexually propagate a Coleus plant, which of the following parts of the plant would you include in your cutting to ensure your propagation is successful?

Answer 31

axillary bud

Question 32

You are hiking in a tropical rainforest (lucky you!) and observe a vine with bright red, long and skinny flowers, with no noticeable scent but dripping with sweet nectar. What most likely pollinates this flower?

Answer 32

Birds

Question 33

When you eat a corn tortilla (as long as you are not allergic to corn!) what specific part of the corn kernel (seed) provides you with energy?

Answer 33

endosperm

Question 34

What molecules do plants produce that directly or indirectly help non-phetosynthetic organisms like animals and fungi to thrive on Earth? (select all that apply)

Answer 34

O2 and glucose

Question 35

Which of the following is a byproduct of photosynthesis?

Answer 35

Oxygen

Question 36

Some plant species complete their life cycle and die within one year (annuals). Some plant species (perennials) Ive far mary years. Explain how a perennial plant can potentially live for hundreds or thousands of years (like bristlecone pines), Include the nam of at least two parts of plants (e.g, specialized adaptations and tissues) that are required for this amazing longevity.

Answer 36

Perennial plants can live so long because they have meristematic tissues, like apical meristenas that continuously produce new growth. They also have woody tissue (xylem and phloem) that provide structure support for long periods of time.

Question 37

Label the chloroplast diagram below with the following features

Answer 37

Outer membrane Thylakoid Stroma Lumen

Question 38

You discover a previously unknown plant in the forest (lucky you!). It is over 50 feet tall, single-trunked, with large bi-pinnately compound leaves that uncurl themselves as they develop (resembling the head of a fiddle). You go back to the plant every day for an entire year waiting for it to flower so you can find out what it's related to, but it never produces flowers, fruits, or anything resembling a seed cone or pollen cone. You turn over the leaves and find clusters of little brown dots that, upon closer inspection, are hundreds of tiny, spare-producing structures. Name what major group of plants this belongs to and explain two pieces of evidence that support your determination.

Answer 38

This plant is a fern because it reproduces with spores (shown by the bottom of the leaves). The leaves are also bi-pinnately compound, which ferns commonly have

Question 39

Briefly explan one reason why the scientific names of some plant species have been changed

Answer 39

Some species names have been changed because of new research revealing that some species are closer to a different genus than originally believed.

Question 40

Explain the main function of RUBISCO, identify what main part of photosynthesis it plays its vital role, and explain why it’s the most common and important enzyme on the planet. (5 pts) Main Function: Part of photosynthesis: Why it's important:

Answer 40

Main Function: Rubisco helps plants capture CO2 and attach it to RuBP, starting the calvin cycle to make sugars Part of photosynthesis: RubisCo is part of the light independent reaction Why it’s important: Rubisco is important because it helps with the carbon cycle, encouraging heathy ecosystems

Question 41

Describe how CAM photosynthesis helps desert-adapted plants like cacti, succulents, and other species to conserve water and avoid photorespiration better than plants that use typical C3 photosynthesis. Name and describe any special adaptations (enzyines s, etc.) to help with your explanations

Answer 41

CAM photosynthesis helps conserve water by taking in CO2 at night and then keeping the stomates closed doring the day. PEP carbahydrates fix CO2 during the nights, then during the day CO2 is released for fixation by Rubisco.

Question 42

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are very similar in shape, structure, and have some of the same functions. There are several important differences between them. Explain (including specific structures, molecules, and/or functions) two similarities, and one difference between these two important organelles.

Answer 42

Chloroplasts carry out photosynthesis. They contain thylakoid membranes, chlorophyll, and it is also where the Calvin cycle occurs. Mitochondria carries out cellular respiration, converting glucose and other molecules into ATP for energy. It has an inner and outer membrane, cristae, and matrix (where Citric Acid Cucle and Electron tronspart chain occur).