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Final Frontier 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What causes respiratory acidosis?

A
  • Hypoventilation
  • chronic pulmonary disease
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2
Q

What are the s/s of respiratory acidosis?

A

“CARBS”

  • Cyanosis
  • Agitation and confusion
  • Restlessness and hyperventilation
  • Blurred vision
  • Seizures or stupor
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3
Q

What causes respiratory alkalosis?

A
  • hyperventilation
  • hypoxia
  • CHF
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4
Q

What are the s/s of respiratory alkalosis?

A

“NO CARDS”

  • Numbness
  • orthostatic hypotension
  • Confusion
  • Anxiety
  • Rapid breathing (tachypnea)
  • Dizziness and diaphoresis
  • Seizures
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5
Q

What causes metabolic acidosis?

A
  • DM
  • ETOH
  • renal disease
  • starvation
  • diarrhea
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6
Q

What causes Metabolic alkalosis?

A
  • bicarbonate ingestion
  • vomiting
  • diuretics
  • steroids
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7
Q

What are the s/s of metabolic acidosis?

A

“SHAMED”

  • Stupor
  • Hyperkalemia
  • Arrythmia/tachycardia
  • Muscle twitching and weakness
  • Emesis (vomiting), nausea, diarrhea
  • Decreased CO
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8
Q

What are the s/s of metabolic alkalosis?

A

“QUAD Ts”

  • Tetany/convulsions
  • tachycardia
  • tremors
  • tingling
  • Diarrhea
  • Prolonged vomiting
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9
Q

What causes coxa valga?

A

angle of inclination > 125 degrees

angle between femoral neck and medial femoral shaft in the frontal plane

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10
Q

What structure is responsible for righting reactions?

A

midbrain

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11
Q

What causes coxa vara?

A

angle of inclination < 125 degrees

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12
Q

What structure is responsible for reflexes that result in movement of limbs?

A

spinal levels

ex: startle reflex

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13
Q

(true/false) birth control can predispose individuals to blood clots/pulmonary emobolism

A

true

pt will experience sudden desaturation in O2 with a spike in HR

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14
Q

Equinovarus will result in increased WB through the (medial/lateral) foot.

A

lateral foot

commonly seen with spastic CP equinovarus (PF + SUP)

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15
Q

What positioning of the hip can be used to test for FAI?

A

FADIR

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16
Q

(true/false) AFOs are used to promote knee EXT

A

FALSE - limits knee EXT/hyperEXT

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17
Q

diagnosis

retropatellar knee pain and softening of the cartilage on the back of the patella

A

chondromalacia patellae

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18
Q

diagnosis

impaired bone mineralization that is characterized by generalized bone pain and pseudofractures

A

osteomalacia

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19
Q

What are the common s/s of arnold chiari malformation?

A
  • weakness
  • pain
  • sensory changes
  • vertigo
  • diplopia
  • ataxia
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20
Q

What is keratitis?

A

corneal inflammation

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21
Q

What type of exudate is a common indication for early wound healing?

A

serosanguineus

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22
Q

Are solids or liquids more likely to lead to aspiration?

A

liquids

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23
Q

What are the s/s of hypokalemia?

A

“A SIC WALT”

  • Alkalosis
  • Shallow respiration
  • Irritability
  • Confusion and drowsiness
  • Weakness and fatigue
  • Arrythmias (flat or inverted T wave)
  • Lethargy (N/V)
  • Thready pulse (ST depression –> ischemia)
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24
Q

What are the s/s of hyperkalemia?

A

“MURDER”

  • Muscle cramps
  • Urine abnormalities
  • Respiratory distress
  • Decreased contractility
  • EKG change (increased T wave and QRS length and height)
  • Reflexes decreased
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25
What are the s/s of hypocalcemia?
"CATS" * Convulsions * Arrythmias * Tetany * Stridor and Spasms
26
What are the s/s of hypercalcemia?
"BACK ME up" * Bone pain * Arrythmias (short QT interval and increased contraction rate) * Kidney stones * Muscle Weakness * Excessive urination up --> high calcium
27
What are the s/s of hyponatremia?
"SALT LOSS" * Stupor/coma * Anorexia * Lethargy * Tendon reflexes decreased * Limp muscles/weakness * Orthostatic hypotension * Seizures and HA * Stomach cramping
28
What are the s/s of hypernatremia?
"FRIED SALT" * Fluid retention * Restless and confused * Increased BP and HR * Edema * Decreased urine output * Skin flushing * Agitation * Low grade fever * Thirst and dry mouth
29
What dx has relief with passing gas?
crohn's disease
30
What dx has bloody diarrhea with mucus and pus?
UC
31
What type of ulcer has increased pain with an empty stomach (mornings and in between meals)?
duodenal ulcers
32
What type of ulcer has pain that is increased with eating?
gastric ulcer
33
What dx has pain relief with defecation and sleep?
irritable bowel syndrome | ribbon-like stool Has cramps in the morning and/or after eating
34
What dx has coffee-ground emesis and dark, tarry stool (Melena)?
peptic ulcers
35
What is a pancoast tumor?
upper lung tumor | Pain pattern mimics TOS and will be found on the ipsilateral shoulder
36
Does INR increase or decrease with dehydration?
Increases --> results in thinner blood ## Footnote If INR is decreased, blood will be thicker and can lead to a blood clot
37
# diagnosis - vertigo - postural instability - oscillopsia - disequilibrium - wide BOS - decreased trunk ROT and head movement
UVH
38
What is regular toe-out angle?
5-7 degrees
39
What ROM is accepted for shoulder elevation during the first 2 weeks s/p SLAP tear repair?
PROM and AROM limited at 60 degrees for 2 weeks --> progress to 90 degrees during weeks 3-4 post-op
40
When is ER/IR initiated s/p SLAP tear?
Weeks 1 and 2: - ER < 15 degrees - IR < 45 degrees Weeks 3 and 4: - ER < 30 degrees - IR < 60 degrees PROM is the only allowed stretching exercise for first phase of post-op but must be in the scapular plane ONLY
41
How long must you avoid activation/contraction of the biceps after a SLAP repair?
6 weeks | No carrying, resistance, and/or lifting objects for 8-12 weeks
42
What combined GH movements are NOT allowed s/p SLAP repair and/or bankart repair?
ABD + ER
43
After repair of a bankart lesion, how long is WB not permitted on the UE?
6 weeks
44
What motions are to be avoided s/p bankart repair?
- NO elevation past 90 degrees - NO IR > 20 degrees - NO horiz. ADD | restricted for 6 weeks
45
(true/false) PROM and AAROM are allowed during the first 6-8 weeks s/p RTC repair
FALSE --> only PROM is allowed for the first 6-8 weeks post RTC repair | initiate in supine position at 45 ABD to promote ST joint stabilization
46
With RTC repair rehab, one must limit ----- and ----- translation of the humeral head
Limit anterior and superior translation of the humeral head ## Footnote - position slightly anterior to the fronal plane with slight ABD - Maintain an erect posture to avoid impingement
47
What warrants progression to AROM shoulder FLX and/or ABD s/p RTC repair?
When the pt can elevate the UE without shoulder hiking
48
When is dynamic strengthening allowed to be initiated s/p RTC tear?
8-12+ weeks depending on the size of the tear
49
How long are grade 3 mobilizations and rigorous stretching exercises avoided during RTC rehab?
6-12 weeks at least
50
What motion(s) are avoided if there is a supraspinatus +/- infraspinatus tear?
end-range IR
51
What motion(s) are avoided if there is a subscapularis tear?
end-range ER
52
With an RTC tear, if the deltoid becomes detached, what motions are restricted after repair?
End-range ADD, EXT, and Horiz. ADD
53
How long are CKC exercises avoided s/p RTC repair?
6 weeks
54
How long are functional activities avoided s/p RTC repair?
6-12 weeks
55
What are the hip precautions for an anterior approach?
* No FLX > 90 degrees * NO EXT, ADD, or ER past neutral * No combined FABER * No prone positioning
56
What are the hip precautions for a posterior approach?
No ADD, IR, or FLX > 90 degrees | no combined FADIR for approx. 4 months s/p replacement
57
When are muscle setting exercises for DF, PF, INV, and EV initiated s/p ankle repair?
2 weeks post-op
58
How long is aggressive PF stretching avoided for s/p ankle repair?
12 weeks
59
(true/false) A pt s/p ankle repair can begin to perform WBAT weight shifting with use of a CAM orthosis at 4 weeks
true
60
(true/false) A pt s/p ankle repair may be FWB at 4-6 weeks post-op if they use a brace or heel lift
true | heel lift should be 1 - 1.5 cm
61
When can a heel lift be d/c for a pt that is s/p ankle repair?
12 weeks
62
After ACL reconstruction, CKC exercises are unable to be performed in what ROM?
60-90 degrees of FLX --> FLX must remain < 60 degrees (mini- squats)
63
After ACL reconstruction, **OKC** exercises are unable to be performed in what ROM?
0-45 degrees --> only permitted in the 45-90 degrees range
64
When is an ACL graft most vulnerable?
weeks 6-8 post-op
65
How long is a pt immobilized for after an ACL repair?
6 weeks in full EXT | only the PT is allowed to remove the brace
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